The Medical And Social Inequalities Essay - 2141 Words

Throughout history, it is evident that inequalities and disparities are part of health systems and society. Even after all the success of activism, such as the work from the human rights movement and campaign, inequalities and disparities are still evident today. Especially within minority groups, such as LGBTQ* (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer) individuals – this is not to say that LGBTQ are the only categories when it comes to sexual orientation and gender identities, thus it is followed by a * – and racial groups. Furthermore, it is evident that within minority groups there are specific micro-level groups that experience unique and sometimes even greater amount of inequalities and disparities. For example, the micro-level group of transgender individuals from the LGBTQ* community is one of the many minority groups that experience both medical and social disparities and inequalities.This paper will discuss both the medical and social inequalities and di sparities that Transgender Individuals face, including structural violence and intentional violence. Before discussing any of the above topics it is important to understand the following vocabulary, since they will be used throughout the paper and misunderstanding of such terms can originate confusion or inadequate conclusions and ideas towards the material discussed in this paper. The term definitions for this paper are obtained from Susan Stryker s book, Transgender History (Stryker, 2008). The reasonShow MoreRelatedThe injustice in health care1425 Words   |  6 PagesAssessment Event 4: Reading and writing Essay The injustice in health care Student’s Name: Jessie Student ID: QING24958 Teacher: Lynken Ghose Due Date: 27/08/2013 Word Count: 1350 Partner’s Name: Sylvia Question: â€Å"Of all the forms of inequality, injustice in health care is the most shocking and inhumane† (Martin Luther King, Jr.). Do you agree with this statement? Write an essay persuading readers of your point of view. Support your argument with evidence from appropriate sources. NickRead MoreThe United States Health Care System1190 Words   |  5 Pagesconsequences, social issues. The United States health care system comes with social issues that includes inequality, cost, and health insurance. Major social inequalities that have a major effect on how a person is treated are their social class, race and ethnicity, and gender. The upper class in society has the most access to maximizing their health and is typically dominated by the majority, white Americans. They have the knowledge and understanding of diseases and are able to receive top medical careRead MoreHealth: A Major Social Issue1425 Words   |  6 PagesHealth is something that many would not associate as being a social issue, yet many sociologists have argued that it is a major social issue. They argue that the way we experience and understand health is dependent upon society. In 1946, the World Health Organisation (WHO) defined health as, â€Å"a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being† (WHO, 2003). This definition is very holistic in the sense that it encompasses all aspects of a person’s life. It is also very idealistic and unattainableRead MoreWorld Social Policies And Health C are Policy And Inequality Policy1460 Words   |  6 PagesWorld Social Policies The advantages and disadvantages of resources and services within United States compared to other govern countries and their social demands for their citizens are immeasurably different. When comparing and analyzing how governing bodies oversees the well-being of citizens within their region of the world, it is important not to rely on their economic growth only. But, how their social policies and guidelines address poverty, housing, health care, unemployment, and the lack ofRead MoreHealth, Social And Social Policy1656 Words   |  7 PagesHEALTH, WELLBEING SOCIAL POLICY By [Name of Student] [Name of Instructor] [University] [Course] [Date] Health, Wellbeing Social Policy Introduction Citizens, businesses and interest groups alike continue to be concerned about poverty and related factors that deal with health and finance. However, human rights and availability are concepts that aren’t not taken seriously enough, in view of certain perspectives. Health inequalities refer to the differences in the quality of the healthcareRead MoreIn January 2013 a prominent national US newspaper quoted former Secretary of State, Condolezza800 Words   |  4 Pageshow significant inequality is in America. The social class that you are born into will influence your outlook on social class and will also be the social class you stay in (Loewen, 1995. 322). Your social class will determine the opportunities available for you including health, fitness, nutrition, education, SAT scores, medical resources and more (Loewen, 1995. 321-322). Loewen also proposes that the education system in America does not incorporate a proper analysis of our social class (Loewen,Read MoreDeviance And Alcoholism : A Socially Constructed, Communicated, And Learned Deviance1540 Words   |  7 Pagesencouraging factors. Alcoholism has been perceived as a medical problem since it could be treated, but recent concepts label it as a social deviant behavior. This paper wi ll discuss about the alcoholism as a socially constructed, communicated, and learned deviance problem rather than a biological cause. This will be achieved through a description as a deviant concept against any history of a non-deviant behavior, discussions of how power and inequalities influence its construction, and how deviant labelRead MoreSocioeconomic Factors and the Health of Individuals Essay1289 Words   |  6 Pagesoccupation and environment. It is a way of measuring the standard and quality of life of individuals and families in society using social and economic factors that affect health and wellbeing ( Giddens and Sutton, 2013). Cockerham (2007 p75) argues: ‘Social class or socioeconomic status (SES) is the strongest predictor of health, disease causation and longevity in medical sociology.’ Research in the 1990s, (Drever and Whitehead, 1997) found out that people in higher SES are generally healthier, andRead MoreSocial Inequality : Patterns And Processe s By Martin Marger1736 Words   |  7 PagesAccording Social Inequality: Patterns and Processes by Martin Marger, life chances includes â€Å"education, physical and mental health, residence and justice;† which are opportunities that we must procure through social resources (18). Our position within society determines our life chances; for children, their parent’s positions within society determines the child’s social status within society. â€Å"Life chances are acquired, then, as a result of factors that are only partially in the control of individuals†¦people’sRead MoreMedicine And Social Control, Barbara And John Ehrenreich918 Words   |  4 PagesIn the 1960s, consumers demonstrated their concerns for obtaining more social services, especially within the health system. In the essay Medicine and Social Control, Barbara and John Ehrenreich draws attention to the sociology of health and medicine. Ehrenreich claims that more mental health servic es there are, the more social control are given to these agencies (1, Ehrenreich, CC 2015 p. 185). Thus, individuals are giving up their autonomy and decisions to a higher authority. In this case, Ehrenreich

How People Give Up Rights When Using an Airline Free Essays

Many people modern day use airlines as a form of transportation. To be able to use this service passengers must have their bags and personal belongings checked by the airline. Airlines do this for the safety of their passengers and to ensure that no catastrophe happens during flight. We will write a custom essay sample on How People Give Up Rights When Using an Airline or any similar topic only for you Order Now But when this is done are passengers giving up their rights? Is it right for someone to go through your personal belongings? Or is this procedure only for security reasons? What rights do airplane passengers give up by allowing themselves to be checked before boarding? When Someone travels with an airline they must have their baggage checked before boarding the plane. Some people feel that this invades their privacy and that it is not necessary. Why should the airport check my personal belongings? Why cant they just pull up your criminal record or just check your pockets instead of checking everything? Some alternative plans is to take your bags and keep them in a secured part of the plane so there is no risk. And some airlines may even make you pay additional fees for these baggage checks meanwhile they are for your safety. Some airlines like Allegiant charge you $35 for your first bag. (â€Å"Airline baggage fees† 2) And how many people only bring one bag to the airport? Your second bag is $35 , and then any additional bags are â€Å"Subject to additional fees†. And all of this is paid for on top of your flight. Now shouldn’t it be an option to pay for safety? Does the airline even care about your safety or are they just trying to make more money? Collectively, airlines made approximately $3. 4 billion in baggage fees last year (â€Å"Airlines bagging big money† 1). Some people believe that airline just do this to make more revenue. Even though air ports are forced to check your baggage by the FAA (â€Å"Air Carrier Operations Bulletin† No. 1-94-10) people believe that the airline should not charge you extra and that the whole concept of being charged for baggage is stupid. Instead of being charged separately for baggage airlines should just include the price for baggage in the airline ticket. (â€Å"Clayton† 1). Other people seem to think that baggage fees are just a hidden fee that airlines use to try to get more money (â€Å"Most Obnoxious Hidden Airline Fees† 5). These people agree with the theory that one flat rate baggage fee should be included in the airline ticket. And as the Lehigh Valley Newspaper, The Morning Call says, â€Å"The recent measure of baggage checking at airports for bombs is a blatant disregard of a person’s privacy. Why should we stand for this, when our founding fathers fought to prevent things like this from happening? †. The person who wrote this article seems to be disregarding the fact that if it were not for this law of checking baggage that every time someone were to board an airplane they would be in danger. Imagine if every time someone boarded an airplane that that person was in danger. Modern day children go on airplanes for vacations with their families. Even if our founding fathers did try to prevent this, if this procedure was not done thousands of people every day would be in danger every day in the united states. Now even if this procedure is for the people’s safety, should the people be charged so the airlines can follow the law? Other articles regarding this subject state that when someone travels through an airline they loose their second amendment right. When people use an airline service their rights are not taken away but restricted, and for the safety of themselves and others. The second amendment, protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms (weapons). Many people argue that when boarding a plane that weapons such as knives and guns are not allowed to be brought on a plane during flight. Those people are wrong. It is one hundred percent legal to bring a gun or knife on board of a plane, with some rules of coarse. As stated in the article, â€Å"Traveling with Special Items on Airlines† from TravelSence you can bring a gun on flight as long as, 1. The gun is in part of your checked baggage. 2. the firearm must be unloaded and in a secure hard side container. 3. The owner of the firearm must be at the screening or the item and provide the combination or key to open the secure container containing the firearm. 4. ant and all ammunition must be placed in fiber or packaging specifically designed to hold ammunition. And 5. The ammunition must be in the same container as the unloaded firearm. As long as when traveling with a firearm you follow all of these procedures you can legally bring a gun with you while traveling with an airline. Once again these rules might restrict your rights as an American citizen but they do NOT take away your rights as an American citizen. And there is also rules with sharp objects such as knives. The only rule that there is on these items is,1. It can not be in carry on luggage and it must be securely wrapped to prevent injury. So once again it is one hundred percent legal to bring a weapon with you while flying with an airline service. Also if someone fells that having their baggage checked is taking away their rights that is also not true. The FAA (a government-run organization) enforces these rules and regulations for the airline passengers safety and for no other reason except for the passenger’s safety. Also by having these rules enforced by the government they can not possibly eliminate your rights as an American citizen (although they might restrict them temporarily). And concerning the rule for having baggage checked, it is up to the airlines to charge you for your bags. Some airlines like Jetblue offer your first bag of luggage for free and every extra bag has additional fees. So depending on which airline service the customer uses the cost for baggage check differ so when people complain about baggage fees they should look in to different airlines and see if any airlines offer cheaper fees or no fees at all (â€Å"Airline baggage fees† 5). The theory that baggage fees (if there are any) should be included in the ticket for flight depends on personal preference and one of the reasons why airlines do not charge the baggage fees in the ticket price is to try to hide additional fees from their customers (â€Å"Most Obnoxious Hidden Airline Fees† 5). And even though that may not seem right it is not taking away any rights that a person might have under American citizenship So, even though when someone travels with an airline service it might seem that it takes away their rights given to them in the declaration of independence, it really does not. The most traveling with an airline service does to your rights is restrict them. And the one and only reason that this is done is for the passenger’s/customer’s safety. The question here is, what rights do airplane passengers give up by allowing themselves to be checked before boarding? And the answer to this question would be, airplane passengers do not give up the rights given to them by being an American citizen. But if someone considers their invasion of personal privacy a right than they could possibly be giving up their rights (even though airlines do not save keep any information about your personal information on file). How to cite How People Give Up Rights When Using an Airline, Essays

Effect of Marijuana Legalization-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: How Marijuana Legalization Will Affect the Canadian Economy. Answer: Cannabis, an illicit drug in most places, is the most widely used drug in Canada as well as in the world. In Canada, it is legal only for medical purposes. Anyone caught possessing and trafficking cannabis for recreational purposes is considered a criminal under the current law. However, there are still facilities that sell marijuana, called dispensaries,' which is not legally licensed by Health Canada (Ducatti Flister, 2012). These facilities receive cannabis from illegal suppliers who grow it. They then sell the cannabis without having it tested, and this makes it very unsafe and particularly risky to children who may accidentally consume it. They also end up not paying taxes because they are not legal. Many risks come with the use of cannabis which ranges from safety to health risks. However, there are also numerous economic benefits that can be derived from the legalization of marijuana. In Canada, the local authorities have a job to keep ensuring that they reduce the distribution of illegal cannabis to avoid the adverse effects associated with it (Friese Grube, 2012). There is a proposed Cannabis Act that is very strict in preventing illegal cannabis from being produced, distributed or sold. This act has a framework that ensures that only the people, with medical prescriptions, can possess marijuana. This act has various functions. It controls the way youths can possess marijuana. It ensures the youth are shielded from enticements from different sources to use cannabis and serves appropriate punishments to the people who import or export cannabis. It also ensures that public health is well protected through the presence of high-quality products (Joffe Yancy, 2004). Additionally, it provides access to marijuana for medical purposes only. Finally, it provides public awareness on risks caused by the use of marijuana for them to make informed decisions. It is evident that this act mainly aims at protecting the young people from using cannabis. For adults who sell cannabis to young people or use the youth to commit any offenses related to marijuana, they face a penalty of at most fourteen years in jail (Monte, Zane, Heard, 2014).Other policies that have been put in place to discourage the youth from gaining access or interest to marijuana include; packaging it in a non-appealing manner so as not to attract youths. Not selling marijuana using self-service vending machines and non-promotion of marijuana. The reason why the Canadian government is very keen on protecting the youth is that they are a vital part of progress and economic growth in the country. More production and consumption of goods will further improve the Canadian economy giving a lifeline to many other industries as a result (MCGUIRE, 2014). Similar to the case of Colorado which amended its laws to pave the way for the legalization of marijuana, Canada will benefit eco nomically because of the new legislation which legalizes the drug. The illicit drug dealers, fueled by the demand for the drug, started engaging in ways of supply which could cause harm to the citizens hence Canada saw a need of legalizing the drug. Legalizing marijuana benefited Canada from an economic point of view first in that it saved the taxpayer millions of dollars which were meant for enforcing the ban on the drug. New demand and supply of marijuana will add jobs to the Canadian economy and increase revenue for the country through various taxation programs (Ducatti Flister, 2012). The new industry of marijuana trade will help create the much-needed employment opportunities in the country. Marijuana legalization in Canada would mean that it is used for recreational purposes as opposed to medical purposes only. This would require significant changes in the many laws that have been set up to discourage its consumption (Hajizadeh, 2016). Currently, a report from the University of Waterloo at the Propel Centre says that two percent of children in Canada between grades seven to twelve smoke marijuana daily (BRANNON, 2013). It has also been seen that many youths occasionally use the drug as it is reported that one in five students has tried the drug. The majority of youths also believe that smoking marijuana is not as dangerous as smoking tobacco. Additionally, many of the students who were found to have smoked cannabis had also smoked cigarettes (Rich Stingl, 2016). The statistics showed that the numbers were at ninety-two percent. This was an increase from when the study was last conducted in 1991 which was at sixteen percent (Hickenlooper, 2014). In the 1970s the number of people who used cannabis was low but it has now risen at a very high rate. Legalizing marijuana will result in improved healthcare in the country which will lead to pursuing of economic ventures which will result in an improved economy. The direct cost savings on health treatment will also redirect the funds to other sectors of the economy hence improving the overall health of the economy. By legalizing marijuana, the government should find ways to regulate the market to protect people from excessive risk. The number of individuals in Canada, who can legally buy medical marijuana, has increased since the introduction of the Federal Commercial Access Program (Caulkins, Lee, Kasunic, 2012). This program was introduced four years ago, but people registered to access medical marijuana increased substantially since. The Canadian government introduced, in the year 2017, legislation to regulate and legalize cannabis before July 2018. Marijuana legalization is of concern to people who do not support such legislation due to the negative effects it brings about. Additionally, the wide spread use of cannabis among the youths is of growing concern (Hajizadeh, 2016).The concerns for cannabis possession outside the law have various penalties. Possession leads up to five years imprisonment; illegal production will lead to seven years in prison while trafficking may cause one to be jailed for life. Despite all the negative impacts, marijuana has many positive effects that should be noted. There is much clinical evidence that supports the use of marijuana for medical purposes. Therefore, the government, the medical practitioners and the bodies that regulate the medical sector, are coming together in a bid to make policies that balance the needs of the patients. They also want to ensure people have information on cannabis about the health risks associated with diversion and misuse. It is important to view how the legalization of marijuana has affected various American states economically. In Oregon, marijuana legalization proved to be a very lucrative move as it increased the tax paid to the government by a significant margin. Colorado also collected much money from the marijuana industry in taxes and revenue. The tax generated is used in public programs such as marijuana and other substance use regulation programs and the construction of public schools. This ensures that marijuana tax revenue is used in the management of any adverse effects brought about by its use. Washington and Alaska are other states that legalized marijuana. They have experienced an influx of tourists who come in just to use marijuana for recreational purposes. These tourists bring about economic growth not just in the marijuana sector but also in other industries. The tourists stay in hotels, buy foodstuffs among other activities. In 2014, Colorado had higher revenue from the sale of marijuana than from gold mining. In 2015, marijuana brought in higher revenue than bakeries, sports venues, as well as family residential construction. Decriminalization of marijuana is likely to have a myriad of positive effects on the economy. It would result in increased tax revenues. This is because people running marijuana facilities can be able to sell it freely and therefore pay taxes. Statistics show that very many people use marijuana in Canada for medical purposes and many more use it illegally. Legalization will result in high sales volumes of marijuana which will consequently result in more taxes being paid to the government. In the long run, the Canadian people will benefit as the government uses the derived taxes to bring about development in the country. Colorado passed an amendment that would allow marijuana use for recreation purposes. In this regard, the government issued an arbitration to regulate the production, sale, and distribution of cannabis with a cultivation tax, a sales tax, as well as an exercise tax. Before marijuana was legalized, the projected sum of savings and increased revenue was at sixty million dollars to Colorado. In 2017, the statistics were expected to double and then the exercise tax per unit was expected to be increased. Changes in consumption levels after the legalization of marijuana may be dependent on a variety of factors both endogenous and exogenous. The endogenous effects are not affected by price while the exogenous factors related to price. The endogenous factors include the forbidden fruit effect.' Exogenous effects have to do with costs of production, the price elasticity of demand, and price levels. Under decriminalization of marijuana, the farmers and other producers can expand their production without fear and therefore benefit from economies of scale associated with increased production. As a result, this will reflect on the final prices which will be reduced and higher sales. This in turn leads to increased taxes paid to the government. Price elasticity is defined as the percent change in quantity produced resulting from a one percent price change. If the change is high, this means that there is a high price elasticity of demand. Therefore, reduction in price results in a higher change in marijuana that will be sold. With legalization, there is an expectation of a high price elasticity of demand that will result in higher sales revenues. Legalization will thus result in an increased demand for marijuana which will alternatively result in an increased supply, and when the producers take advantage of economies of scale, the price elasticity of demand will also increase. In the long run, this will result in high revenues which consequently bring in higher taxes to the government. The costs spent on marijuana related arrests will be substantially reduced with the legalization of marijuana. The reduction will occur because people can now farm, process and sell marijuana legally. As a result, fewer people are arrested and prosecuted, and this is mainly for non-marijuana related cases. Consequently, this would mean that millions of dollars that would have been spent will now be saved. In 2102, there were an estimated 1,552,432 arrests associated with drug possession in the USA. Of the total arrests, 48.3% were of marijuana users. The sellers and manufacturers accounted for 5.9% while 42.4% was from possession. In total, approximately 750,000 people are arrested in marijuana related incidences. These are very high statistics relating to marijuana. Therefore, the costs that were being incurred in marijuana related cases cost the government a lot of money in legal and justice fees. The costs that will be saved with legalization include; prosecution and judicial costs, correctional expenditures, as well as police funds. At least twelve million dollars were estimated to be saved by the government with marijuana legalization. The saved funds could be used to carry out various government projects that would, in turn, generate income and create employment opportunities. Marijuana legalization would mean that public health costs would be significantly reduced. Currently, there are very many illegal providers of cannabis all over Canada. These dealers sell marijuana that has not been tested nor cleared for sale. As a result, a majority of people who buy from them are risking their health. The use of untested marijuana can lead to marijuana poisoning (Caulkins et al., 2012). Consequently, the countrys economy would be negatively affected due to reduced productivity. Legalization of cannabis would, therefore, help to reduce all these cases and ensure that people gain access to high quality and safe cannabis. Cases of marijuana poisoning would be highly reduced and health charges substantially reduced leading to an improvement in the countrys productivity. Legalization would also lead to increase in per capita income. This will be caused by an increase in individual revenue for people in the marijuana business. First, the growers will have a source of income and those selling marijuana in retail stores would also have a source of livelihood. The companies that process marijuana will also have higher incomes. These companies will have the ability to create job opportunities for unemployed people in the society. Therefore, this shows that marijuana legalization will massively improve the microeconomic sector by increasing households income. It is evident that the job market will experience a boom with the legalization of marijuana. In Colorado, it is expected that at least sixteen jobs will be created that benefit other different businesses. It is also estimated that one dollar spent on marijuana sales results in an economic benefit of at least three dollars (Hickenlooper, 2014). Many youths are interested in entrepreneurship but lack the capital to start businesses. The legalization of marijuana provides opportunities which the youth can explore and create capital as well as sustain themselves. They could farm marijuana, sell it in retail, or work in processing plants. Legalization will also lower crime levels in the country caused by people who use the drug. The decrease is people who used marijuana for recreational purposes before legalization will now be able to possess it without breaking the law. Additionally, people will have a source of revenue that they can use to provide for themselves and their families (Rich Stingl, 2016). If this was not the case, people such as ex-convicts who may be unable to find jobs might result in crime to be able to survive. Reduced levels of insecurity will provide a conducive environment for other businesses to thrive hence ensuring proper economic growth. There would also be improved traffic safety which would provide a favorable environment for business activities. Right now in Canada, if someone who is illegally transporting cannabis comes across the authorities, they are likely to get nervous. In case they realize that they might get caught, they may start driving recklessly to get away from the authorities (BRANNON, 2013). Consequently, this could lead to accidents. Legalization, on the other hand, will avoid such occurrences because dealers and users are not breaking the law by being in possession of cannabis. This reduces costs that may have been incurred in accidents and saves lives. Past studies show that there is a correlation between the use of marijuana and a reduction in suicide rate levels. This is shown mainly in sample populations that are most likely to be using marijuana. People who support legalization say that marijuana can treat various things such as; depression, bipolar disorder among other disorders that have to do with peoples moods. These are disorders that affect very many people. With marijuana legalization, costs that are spent on treatment of these disorders can be saved (MCGUIRE, 2014). The saved funds can, therefore, be used in projects that improve the countrys economy. Additionally, legalization will ensure that prescription pills are used for their medicinal purposes only, instead of being abused. This will occur when people use marijuana as opposed to prescription pills for recreational purposes. Consequently, there is a reduced misuse of resources. Marijuana legalization has been seen to have different positive impacts to the individuals involved in this business, the society, the government, and the economy as a whole. However, there are many adverse effects related to this move. Currently, many people use cannabis illegally. If this drug was legalized, so many of these people might overuse it due to the freedom of use (Monte et al., 2014). This would lead to excessive usage of the drug which consequently would render these individuals physically and psychologically dependent on the drug. This high level of dependence may make people unable to function without the drug. Additionally, these people may also face the problem of marijuana poisoning. This could lead to the death of the addicts or other severe conditions. All these problems would lower economic growth. This high dependence on marijuana may also lead to an increase in crime levels in the society. Whenever the people who are addicted to cannabis need the drug but lack money to purchase it, they may result to robbing other people to buy cannabis (Hajizadeh, 2016). This may create a sense of insecurity in the country hence discouraging smooth running of businesses. Consequently, the countrys economy may suffer. Legalization may also lead to increased traffic problems. This may occur when people who are under the influence of marijuana drive. They may cause accidents which could even lead to their deaths of even the deaths of other innocent people. This leads to loss of people who would have helped in economic growth. Some studies have concluded that too much use of marijuana will lead to anxiety, schizophrenia, and depression among other disorders. If used very early in life and in large quantities, marijuana has been said to lead to permanent brain damage (Joffe Yancy, 2004). This condition may occur especially when very young children use the drug for recreational purposes. It is imperative to note that medical marijuana is used to control some of these disorders especially anxiety. However, when used in much quantity, it could increase instead of control these negative effects. Therefore, the economy will be negatively influenced by marijuana legalization, when people become sick due to reduced productivity. Marijuana legalization may also lead to a reduction in the educational achievements of teens. When teens become dependent on marijuana at a very early age, they will neglect their studies. The drug, therefore, robs young people of their ability to have a good education. It is therefore crucial for the government to ensure that young people are not exposed to drugs. Finally, these teens become adults who cannot even take care of themselves due to how negatively the drugs have impacted them (Ducatti Flister, 2012). They become a liability to society costing a lot of money to those who take care of them. Moreover, these teens are not able to work in society to aid in improving the countrys economy. When the drug is left lying around in the house, children may accidentally ingest it. Such situations are precarious because children have a fragile immune system and this could lead to serious repercussions. Much money is thus used to treat the children, whereas it could have been used in ot her productive activities. It is therefore evident that marijuana legalization would bring about massive economic growth. It will increase employment opportunities in the country, therefore, resulting in increased GDP levels for the country and a higher per capita income (Friese Grube, 2012). Additionally, the tax revenues for the government will also increase. These tax revenues can be used to set up other projects in the country that could be used to derive more income. The crime levels would also decrease considerably because of the increased opportunities to make a living. With proper management and regulation by the government, legalization of marijuana will bring more good than bad in the Canadian economy. It is, therefore, a step that the Canadian government ought to make, and it should also ensure that proper policies are put in place. With proper management and monitoring, the legalization of marijuana in Canada will significantly improve the economy. References BRANNON, I. K. E. (2013). Legalizing Marijuana: Money Over Minds. Regulation, 36, 16. Caulkins, J. P., Lee, M. A. C., Kasunic, A. M. (2012). Marijuana legalization: Lessons from the 2012 state proposals. World Medical and Health Policy, 4(34), 434. https://doi.org/10.1002/wmh3.2 Ducatti Flister, L. (2012). The Economic Case for Marijuana Legalization in Canada. Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences, 5(1), 96100. Friese, B., Grube, J. W. (2012). Legalization of medical marijuana and marijuana use among youths. Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy, 20(February), 17. https://doi.org/10.3109/09687637.2012.713408 Hajizadeh, M. (2016). Legalizing and Regulating Marijuana in Canada: Review of Potential Economic, Social, and Health Impacts. Int J Health Policy Manag. Int J Health Policy Manag, 5(58), 453456. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2016.63 Hickenlooper, G. J. W. (2014). Experimenting with pot: The state of Colorados legalization of marijuana. Milbank Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.12056 Joffe, A., Yancy, W. S. (2004). Legalization of marijuana: potential impact on youth. Pediatrics, 113(6), e632e638. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.113.6.e632 MCGUIRE, J. O. (2014). What Are the Costs Associated with Marijuana Legalization? Occupational Health Safety, 83(9), 7478. Monte, A. A., Zane, R. D., Heard, K. J. (2014). THe implications of marijuana legalization in colorado. Jama, 313(3), 24142. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.17057 Rich, A. K., Stingl, A. (2016). Legalization of Marijuana: An Overview. Points of View: Legalization of Marijuana, 1

Stephen Austin free essay sample

Stephen AustinMr. RussoFebruary 20, 2018ELA Should torture be allowed in the US Military? Should the Military be allowed to use Torture for information regarding terrorism to save lives? Some people would say It is effective and it does its purpose, which is to save lives and prevent terrorist attacks. Other people deny this claim and believe that it is ineffective, and inhumane. In 2008, President Obama signed an executive order stopping the use of torture. The current President of the United States is for the use of torture. Throughout the Middle East theyre chopping off heads of Christians, theyre chopping of heads of people, anyone that gets in the way. Theyre drowning 30-40 people at a time in heavy steal cages. As far as Im concerned, waterboarding is absolutely fine, and we should go much further.The history of Torture. the action or practice of inflicting severe pain on someone as a punishment or to force them to do or say something, or for the pleasure of the person inflicting the pain In Exodus, it shows how brutally enslaved and tortured the children of Israel were shown in Exodus 5:22. We will write a custom essay sample on Stephen Austin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Eventually, as technology improved, so did torture methods such as whips, and shackles. A common way to torture people while putting them to death would be a crucifix. Peoples hands and legs would be nailed to a cross shaped piece of wood and would be left to hung for the rest of their lives, which could last from hours to days. This device was designed for people to get just enough air to live while suffering. People who are thirst would be given vinegar to drink, and roman soldiers would often break different bones to make the victim suffer more before they die. During the middle ages, a common tactic would be the metal coffin. This coffin was made of metal that is roughly the same shape and size of the average human. Overweight people would be forced into this cage and hung inside of them until a crow would pick their dead bodies after they have died. An Iconic torture device is called the iron Maiden. The iron maiden is simply a coffin with a head at the top of it with spikes inside of the cage and the inside of the doors that open and close. People have experienced many triadic and horrible things on the World Trade Center attack of September 11, 2001. A lot of people lost lives that day, about 2,977 people (reference.com) A lot of people lost family members, friends, children, mothers, fathers, and others. KSM was behind this horrific attack. People want answers and want to end terrorist attacks. Therefore, people like Donald Trump believes in torture. He wants to torture terrorist to find out information. Throughout the Middle East theyre chopping off heads of Christians, theyre chopping of heads of people, anyone that gets in the way. Theyre drowning 30-40 people at a time in heavy steal cages. As far as Im concerned, waterboarding is absolutely fine, and we should go much further. – (Donald J. Trump. An article by the name of The reason why Americans are OK with torture. States say that Americans dont believe it referring to the fact that torture doesnt work, and false information is given. Some people believe torture is a way of pay back for their crimes against humanity. CBSs Most Americans consider waterboarding to be torture: poll article states that fifty seven percent that took the poll believe that waterboarding and other forms of torture provide valuable information that can prevent terror attacks and twenty three percent believes that this occurs frequently. Only eight percent of people believe that information obtained by torture is trust worthy. There are many negative affects to torture. As previously stated, Torture is the act or practice of inflicting severe pain on someone. This is essentially haring the person. The military uses torture to extract information from terrorist. There are several problems with this method used in todays United States military. To begin with, people are usually in pain when tortured and will do anything for that pain to stop. With that information, people tend to lie. An example of this occurring within the military would be a case between a person called Khalid Sheik Mohammed. According to Fox news Terror on trial special Who is KSM? (2009) Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, known as KSM, is one of historys most violent and brutal terrorists. He was ether principle architect of the September 11th attacks as well as dozens of other plots against the U.S. and western targets worldwide. This story begins with how he was captured. The New Yorkers Khalid Sheik Mohammed and the C.I.A. States someone that goes by the alias Asset X who can lead them to KSM and on February 2003 in Pakistan he was captured and taken into custody. He was tortured horribly. The New Yorkers Khalid Sheik Mohammed and the C.I.A. quote one of the C.I.A.s documents on how the torture of KSM is progressing. Overall seems to be that waterboarding is not working in gaining KSM[s] compliance. Later, it was revealed that KSM began to lie about who was involved in the terrorist plot just so the C.I.A. would stop torturing him. There are many alternatives to torture that allows people to confess to crimes and plots without having to harm the suspect. Tactics Police Use to Get a Confession by the Criminal Defense Lawyer says that there is a method called The Reid Technique which is when the police isolate the suspect from friends and family, they make the suspects feel guilty of the crime, then suggest that the criminal confess to the crime for a lower sentence. Another law firm called Lauren Taylor Law explains that police officers can lie and deceive suspect into getting information, which is an alternative way of getting a confession. This could also be used in the military to get confessions from terrorist and possible prevent terrorist attacks. The most commonly used method to get a confession is called The Reid effect. This Reid effect was made in 1947 by John. E. Reid. This method has a total of 9 steps. Essentially, the interrogator presents the evidence, which can be either real or fake, to the suspect and show that the suspect is involved in the crime. Then In conclusion, there are some benefits and negative effects of torture. To begin with, torture has been used for centuries of history, and go as far back as the time of Jesus and prior to him. Evidence of this were tools such as the crucifix which is where people would be nailed to a piece of wood and hung there for hours or even days in pain and agony. In current times however, torture is used to achieve information, usually from criminals or terror subjects. What multiple resources have proven is that there are mental effects that accompany torture. Though some people believe that torture is effective, is has been proven that it is unreliable because people will lie to end the torture. An example of this is KSM, who has admitted to lying when he was tortured via waterboarding, and a method called walling which is when someone is thrown multiple times onto a wall. Studies have shown that there are also alternatives to torture to gain information. Interrogators can lie and create false evidence to convince suspects they are guilty and eventually make them confess to the crime that they have done.

Cultural Family Paper

Cultural Family Paper Cultural Family Paper Running Header: CULTURAL FAMILY BACKGROUND 1 Cultural Family Background COUN 504 Elbert Thomas Liberty University CULTURAL FAMILY BACKGROUND 2 Abstract The African American culture has worked its way from enslaved individuals to the principles for which this land was created (all men are created equal). From the Emancipation Proclamation, Civil Rights Act 1964, to the Voting Rights Act 1965, movement within this culture has steadily improved with opportunities. The election of the first biracial President in the United Sates is positive reinforcement of growth. The migration of this culture was not of choice but by force. Within this cultural family background paper discussion regarding issues of religion, education, and social development in the home are highlighted topics. Former President Bush seen and measured the achievement gap of black students among white and other minority students. â€Å"The results in achievement level of black and minority students where devastating and caused for the implementation of the No Child Left Behind act by U.S. Congress† (Orfield, pg.4). Finally, I will discuss my family history and fi ndings of educational, religion, and social trend of the Thomas/Wilder family. CULTURAL FAMILY BACKGROUND 3 Religion within the African American culture has been the backbone from the time of slavery. Many African American homes rely on faith and belief in the Holy Word for guidance, strength, and during any trial times in life. I can’t remember a time in my childhood where religion wasn’t used as a reinforcement of discipline, praise, or reassurance. Remembering the times of my mother crying out to God to help her family, cover her children with His precious love, and to keep her mind stayed on Him. In the African American church many denominations are separated by how church service is rendered. Some believe in worshiping by speaking in tongue, shouting (dancing with praise), or simply as coming to honor God and going home. As a child I can remember spending an extreme amount of time in church. My mother is an ordained Evangelist and Sunday thru Saturday seemed as if our home was (Thankful Baptist Church). The conversations between my brothers and I consisted of complaints of spending more time in church than being with friends or doing what teenagers do. As if any of us knew exactly what being a teenager meant. My family spent a great deal of time in rehearsal singing and preparing for the next gospel event. I remember at the age of nine becoming a member of the Gospel Signing Stars, a gospel quartet my mom assembled with my brothers and me. In the African American community churches are distinguished between traditional and non-traditional. In this community the church is the cornerstone for many social needs of blacks. At one time the church was the meeting place, shelter, and educational sources for this group. The traditional church is the only time that a large percent of America is segregated. Many churches don’t see nor understand the need of congregating together. Not only is this an issue surrounding different ethnic groups worshipping together. A study completed by a professor in 2007 gave a breakdown: Just 2% to 3% of mainline Protestants congregations and 15% of CULTURAL FAMILY BACKGROUND 4 Catholic parishes are racially mixed, with at least 20% of another race† (Shelton, pg. 3). This can be seen in the black community as an issue amongst black churches in general. In a rural city you may see an African American church on every other corner however these churches never seem to worship

#FreelancerFriday #2 - Roberta Hall, Cover Designer

#FreelancerFriday #2 - Roberta Hall, Cover Designer #FreelancerFriday #2 - Roberta Hall, Cover Designer â€Å"Each book has its own specific story, its own specific mission and language that it uses. What’s on the cover is there to draw people in but it’s also there to back up the brand itself.†Roberta Hall is our first #FreelancerFriday designer interview. Roberta is a pretty jaw-dropping designer. Here she talks through the way she researches in preparation for a project, revealing a serious, studied respect for her art as helping express the message of the book it represents. Her commitment is impressive, and she’ll likely raise your expectations for your designer significantly.Enjoy.–REEDSY Have you always freelanced?ROBERTA HALL In college, I was very ambitious; I did about four different internships, then started working for several magazines.REEDSY Do you prefer working with freelance clients?ROBERTA HALL I think so. Freelance is good because you get to work with the people you want to work with, who really have the concept you’d like to help them develop.REEDSY Do you have any preferences when you’re choosing clients?ROBERTA HALL It’s more about about the project they want to do. My design is more creative than corporate, so I wouldn’t necessarily work with corporate brands, but I would still work with a film company to develop their branding or posters. It depends on the style of the company.REEDSY As a freelancer, how do you create art that has that kind of closeness to someone else’s project?ROBERTA HALL It’s a really interesting process. You have to do a lot of research to do it well. I like to work directly with the author because I want to get their concept out there of what they think the book expresses. With a movie poster you have a lot of things going on. You have to get photos from the film, you have to really know plot lines, and know secret little things that people won’t necessarily know about until they go see the movie; they won’t notice them until later.REEDSY Like where a poster is one thing before people see the movie and another thing for people who’ve already seen it.ROBERTA HALL Yeah; it tries to make clear the mystery that you have going into the film, but it doesn’t give away details.Working with a book means you don’t necessarily have photos, so you have to do even more research. Some people like to go out and take photos of things that reflect the characters in the book, other people look at different photography sites to see if they can find elements that will best convey the story of the book itself. Sometimes authors like to choose some of the photography as well. So, it’s an interesting process in itself. For example, for one of the book covers I’ve worked on, what I was sent was the cover art and I pretty much just worked typography around the cover art to best display the message that they were going for. Other books have an abstract meaning behind them, so in that case you might want to go with an illustrational style.REEDSY When you’re trying to get this sense of the book to work with, do you just use the manuscript?ROBERTA HALL I usually talk to the author. Even though I would love to read the book, I might not get the same message out of it that the author wants the cover to convey. The whole thing about a book cover is you want it to match not only what the author wants, but also to convey the message that the author’s trying to get out there. I might not necessarily see the book the same way the author does - which is good because if everyone saw the book the same way, there wouldn’t be as much to discuss.REEDSY You called your work more creative than corporate - how do you feel about the whole question of whether book covers are art or there to do a commercial job?ROBERTA HALL It’s more of a split. Some people view book covers as art and others view it just as ‘commercial art.’ What’s so interesting about that is that the artist will know that it’s art, will be able to explain the reasoning behind it, but then you could ask a regular person and they could say it’s just a book cover, it’s commercial, but either way, it *is* art. The packaging on a lot of the things that we buy is art - but people might not see it that way because they don’t necessarily see the detail that goes into it.What’s interesting is that designers will sometimes spend hours looking through typefaces for something that conveys a strong message, and can also be elegant at the same time. Even though it’s commercial art, I really believe that a solid book cover is the same thing as a solid poster. It’s more interesting. It make someone wants to pick the book up more. It drives you to look inside and see this worl d that the art has created for the viewer.REEDSY What can authors give you to help you work on a cover?ROBERTA HALL When someone sends me a pitch I like to do research and ask questions. The more information you can get the better the design will be. So if all you tell me is that you want an elegant book cover, to me 'elegant’ might mean a script font that has some floral design on there - but that might take away from the message of the book; that book might be about the 1920’s, and that floral script might be the complete opposite. It’s really about asking as many questions up front on the design of the book. When you ask these questions, your research will be more narrowed down and you’ll be able to isolate the things that come together.REEDSY When you’re researching in preparation for a design, what does that involve?ROBERTA HALL If someone asked me to do a poster about the Civil war, where I don’t know a lot of information about it, I’ll go back and I’ll research not only images but also text, the way people wrote back then, and even the way people talked, because that can influence different styles in design. And so I’ll spend hours trying to figure out this new style that will be illustrating what the author wants to go for and, honestly, what I want to go for too. The problem is that book covers are a lot like branding; if the book cover is designed incorrectly, in a way that doesn’t match the book, then the book is branded incorrectly.REEDSY How does you understand branding as it relates to book covers?ROBERTA HALL Each book has its own specific story, its own specific mission and language that it uses. What’s on the cover is there to draw people in but it’s also there to back up the brand itself. So by 'brand’ I mean anything, even the typeface of the book.So for example, I wouldn’t design a cover for a book about bullying with a script font; it would change the meaning of the word bullying, change the meaning of the whole book itself based on that script font. If you see a script font you’re going to think that’s kind of girly, or elegant; you’re not going to think of a book that’s about a strong moral message. You need to be consistent with the author’s mission of the book, as well as the book’s plot, because if not you’re going to throw a lot of people off who would have normally picked it up.REEDSY When you’ve worked with authors do they often have a very developed idea of a brand? Or can you help them work that out?ROBERTA HALL Initially, the way people write is also part of the brand, so I just try to give a visual image to that. I try to help them to define things that they’ve already said. The way we say things can often have visual imagery behind it. As a designer, working with images, it’s easier for us to see it than it is for a writer who spends most of their time working with words.REEDSY So once you’ve done progress with your research, what comes next?ROBERTA HALL After I’ve done research I put together mood boards, which could be anything from different fonts and different colours along with the different styles of fonts and the different photos that work together to emphasise the book’s message. Then you decide if it’s going to have a photo or an illustration. You work on that before you bring in the typography. The typography, even though it should be thought of continuously throughout, won’t be brought in until after the image has been developed. So the whole process goes through the different stages of design.A really good book cover, if you look at the image - if it has one, because sometimes the cover is made up just of words - if you look at the image and it emphasises the meaning without having any typography, you’re a step closer to having a finished book cover.REEDSY And so this brings you to this one, final version of a cover?ROBERTA HALL Often it’s more like drafts. What’s always interesting about design is that when designers are working they make mistakes, but it can end up actually working for them. Like, they’ll use the picture in a way they didn’t mean to, but it works better than their original plan. It’s like playing with the images, even when you had your original concept, it might not necessarily come out the way you want to. You keep working with it and you also keep working with different drafts and different ideas as well.Usually you want to come up with around four or five different ideas just for one book cover. One of your drafts or designs might show one aspect of the book, and another design completely different aspect. You’re trying to mould those together. You come up with multiple different ways of visually saying the same thing. They probably have similar colours and imagery, but one might split up the image to make it seem stronger, while the other could be softer. They could both have the same typography and the same feel, but be put together completely differently.After you have the initial image of how you want the book cover to look, you also have to back it up with the typography. For example if your design has a lot of movement in it you might choose one with colours you’ve already used. It’s better to use fewer colours than it is to overstimulate someone when they’re looking at the book cover. So if I’ve used red in the imagery, I’ll try to use red in the typography; if it’s a flowy book cover where there’s a lot of movement, I’m going to want my typography to have a lot of movement as well, to back up the message that’s already been stated with the image itself. The typography and the visual image have to interact a lot together. The way one image works with the typography is different to how another image works with the typography as well, so you’re goin g through all these different typefaces to find one that really works with the message and the brand of the book.REEDSY Are there projects you won’t take on? Any genres, maybe?ROBERTA HALL I like to know a lot about the book. The bottom line is if I don’t find the book interesting, I’m not going to design it in an interesting way. If I’m interested and passionate about the book itself, I’ll do everything possible to have that brand be shown through visually.But I don’t have any preferences about genre. I believe that each book has its own story, and each book brings something new to the story. If I said no to all romance books, I could be turning down a lot of interesting projects. If I say no to a whole bunch of science-fiction books I’d be shoving a lot of projects away when I might actually be interested and the designs would be really good. So as far as different genres of books, I like to keep an open mind. I’d rather not limit myself.What you have to do as a designer, when you’re working with any project, is look at new images and new inspirations. Often I’m on Pinterest and I’ll see new ways t o use different mages and different designs and things that’ll push me. If a designer is kept to themselves for a long time, they’ll start repeating the same steps without realising it. They’ll keep designing similar styles when they should be pushing harder, be researching more, be looking at different designs and and architecture and the outside environment, looking around the world to get more inspiration to really push it a little bit further. Each time it’s a challenge, and you want it to be a challenge. If it’s easy you’re not pushing yourself hard enough. You could have made that book cover, that you thought was easy, better. You can make everything better.

Immigration policy in the USA Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Immigration policy in the USA - Term Paper Example Such tactics often result in increased competition for employment by the locals with their immigrant counterparts which will create dissatisfaction among the locals. Earlier, America welcomed all the people from the world irrespective of their ethnic or educational backgrounds. In 1980’s and 1990’s, America experienced enormous growth of small-scale industries, mainly because of the contributions of the immigrants. However, at present America implemented many restrictions upon immigration because of the increased threats of terrorism and violence from both legal and illegal immigrants. 9/11 incident resulted in the strengthening of the immigration policies in America. This paper discusses how immigration policy about whom and how many to let in has changed over time and what this change reveals about a society’s quest for national identity Changes in American immigration policies The immediate reasons for drastic changes in immigration policies are the threats fr om terrorists. 9/11 incident was a lesson for America’s immigration and naturalization department. Terrorists can enter America through legal and illegal channels. The war on terror and the disputes with the Islamic world made America vulnerable to terrorist attacks at any time. It should be noted that many of the Americans watching the Muslims in America with suspicious eyes after the 9/11 incident. It is difficult for the Muslim people to get American visa at present unless they have enough reasons to convince the authorities about their purpose of visit. Moreover, in many of the American airports, body screening is implemented especially for the Muslim people. All these policies reveal that America is not much interested in allowing Muslim immigration after the 9/11 incident. Another important issue which forced America to strengthen their immigration policies is the social problems associated with immigration. Uncontrolled Immigration can result in the identity crisis. Th e Middle East is facing such problems at present. In most of the Middle Eastern countries or the Gulf countries, the number of immigrants is more than the number of locals which created a lot of identity problems. No country would like to see more immigrants in its territory than the number of locals. The excessive number of immigrant people seen in the streets, workplaces and other public gathering places may create the sense of unhappiness among the locals. Moreover, Americans cannot keep a friendly attitude towards immigrants especially when they are struggling to get out of the recession problems. Many of the Americans lost their employment because of the recession problems and the subsequent collapse of big organizations. At the same time, they are witnessing the survival of the immigrant community in America. Immigrant community mostly has their own small-scale businesses and the recession has not affected their businesses very much. All ethnicities are not equal; all are not symbolic, costless and voluntary. When white Americans equate their own symbolic ethnicities with the socially enforced identities of non white Americans, they obscure the fact the experiences of the whites and non whites have been qualitatively different in the United States and that the current identities of individuals partly reflect that unequal history (Waters, n. d., p.201-202) Even though racism is prohibited by law in America, it can be observed in many other forms in American social life.  

Interview a local Customer Service provider Essay

Interview a local Customer Service provider - Essay Example ues that are raised by the customers including the difficult one in a manner that will leave the customer satisfied so that he or she does not cancel their contract with the company. 7. What is the best experience you have had providing customer service? The best experience that I have had in providing customer service to the clients of the company is definitely getting referrals from the customers that were served satisfactorily and enjoyed the services and products that are provided by the company. Such situations allow my colleagues and I to take ownership of each customer experience while cooperating to work as a team in order to make the delivery of the promises of the company while remaining friendly and helpful as well as thoughtful. 8. What is the worst experience you have had providing customer service? The worst experience I have had so far in dealing with dealing with the customers involve cases were the customers do not understand the terms of their contracts and end up thinking they are being ripped off or decide to withdraw their contracts altogether. In situations such as these, I try my best to explain the terms to the customer in a manner they can understand and regardless of their decisions after this, I assure them that the company will continue to keep their best interests at heart. 9. Have you been trained to deal with customers? If yes, how long was the training and what type of training did you receive? Yes, I have been trained to deal with customers so that I can provide better services that will make sure the customers are retained in the company. I was trained to be familiar with most of the assistive devices such as wheelchairs and listening devices among others which may be used by the clients with variable capabilities in order to make it easier for them to access the company’s goods and services. 10. If you have not been trained to deal with customers, do you feel that this type of training would help you to provide better

Bartleby the Scrivener Essay Example for Free

Bartleby the Scrivener Essay In the course of the story the narrator describes the each characters however such is limited only to their performance in the workplace and none was revealed in their personal life. The narrator who is a lawyer in Wall Street keeps a company of three people, Turkey, Nippers, and Bartleby. Turkey, and English man who has a strange temperament that that the narrators likened to a sun rising in the morning rendering a calm atmosphere and becomes rather too hot in midday that lasts until dinner. Nippers on the other hand is the antithesis of Turkey. He is irritable in the morning and is rather calm in the afternoon. Aside from this, he also â€Å"dresses like a gentleman† as the narrator would put it in contrast to Turkey whose fashion statement is anything but appealing to the author (Melville, 1935). The narrator says he keeps Turkey and Nippers in his office because they efficient despite their mood swing. Perhaps they can be likened to the typical office clerks who got fed up with the monotony of their jobs that they have developed outburst as ways of coping. Nothing is revealed of their personal life but since they are described as efficient by the author, then there is the assumption that despite their mood swings and peculiar outbursts they are likable. On the case of Bartleby, on which the story’s title is attributed, the narrator finds him rather odd. He is a copyist same as Nippers and Turkey however he refuses to do other things such as reading a file or sending mail. As the story ends it is revealed that he works for the Dead Letter Office and as the author puts it, Bartleby is â€Å"prone to a pallid hopelessness† and his work in the Dead Letter Office only cultivated his depression (Melville, 1935). Bartleby exhibits passive resistance which is connected to his detachment from society and his roles. It can be interpreted as his refusal to be a slave to the corporate world by doing what he wishes. Overall, he poses no threat to his Boss since he can choose to dispose him whichever way he pleases but his Boss exhibits a remarkable form of charity and pity towards him. He even offers his house for Bartleby to stay at. At the end of the story when he heard rumors of Bartleby’s previous occupation he took pity on him and how his job has destroyed him.

Essay --

Radiation has always been in everyday life even before Roentgen discovered x-ray. The mountains give off natural radiation, other forms of radiation are coal burning power plants, x-rays from a TV, and an airplane ride. The average dose from background radiation is about 360 mrem every year. There are two types of radiation, nonionizing and ionizing radiation. Examples of nonionizing radiation are microwaves and radio waves broadcasting. Ionizing radiation refers to gamma and x-rays. Ionizing radiation means that the rays are able to remove an electron from the atom then ions can be formed. The ions can cause damage when reacting with other atoms. Cells are able to be repaired if low dose are received. However, if cells get a high dose, the cells will be damaged or possibly die. If the cell is damaged permanently then it is referred to as a mutated cell. There are ways to better understand how radiation affects the body when compared to other every day activities. If an occupational worker receives 1 rem per year then is it possible that 51 days is expected to be lost. A person that smokes 20 cigarettes a day takes about 6 years off of their life. People that are overweight by 15% take about 2 years off of their life. In actuality radiation would seem as though it is not any more harmful than other everyday activities people decide to do such as smoke, chew tobacco, or sky dive. The risk of taking days, weeks, years off of ones lives will always be present depending on the activity they choose to be part of. However, radiation exposure in the healthcare field is used to extend the patient’s life by helping them find out what is going on in their body. A patient that comes in with RLQ pain, nausea, and vomiting then an abdomen x-r... ...om the radiation, the source of radiation comes from beneath the patient. Spot fluoroscopy should be utilized to minimize radiation to the patient, radiologist, and radiologic technologist. Radiologist and radiologic technologist must wear a lead apron and thyroid shield. A lead shield is put on the front to protect the radiologist and the tech. (Statkiewicz-Sherer, 1983) Radiation has changed drastically over the past 118 years. Exposures are much quicker, digital imaging is a possibility in most hospitals, and most importantly, radiation protection. Many people have died, some without realizing that they were killing themselves, for the advancement of x-rays. Because of these advancements physicians are able to tell patients what is going on very quickly and without much delay. It is very important to remember the 3 cardinal rules: distance, time and shielding.

Five reasons for pursuing higher education Essay

There are many reasons or purposes behind pursuing higher education, but these may change depending on each individual student. However many distinct reasons there may be, the majority of them can be grouped into five broad categories. The first of these categories relates to money, the second is the transmission of culture and history, the third has to do with esteem or social class, fourth comes education for the benefit of democracy, and last is entertainment or personal enjoyment. Almost everybody has a â€Å"dream job†, one where they do some kind of interesting work and get paid lots for it. This is one of the reasons why a person would consider going beyond high school, and pursuing higher education; so they can get that â€Å"dream job†. With degrees and Ph.D.s comes money, along with wider opportunities for the future, and less physical work. Of course, the three aforementioned traits do not always apply, but in the majority of cases they do. In learning more about your world, you can absorb some history, and in the process keep your culture alive. Culture and traditions can only survive if they are passed down from generation to generation. By studying history, you can also learn from the mistakes of those who came before you, and ensure that you do not repeat those mistakes. Good examples of this are failed strategies used in war; you would definitely not want to repeat those. Some people go for degrees because they think it earns them power, respect, and esteem. Certain socialites feel that if you do not have a Ph.D., you are not worth anything, not even a bit of their time. The third reason to pursue higher education is to appease swine like this. If you want to become one of the social elite, college is necessary. No matter how hard you try to deny it, the majority of people are dolts. In order to ensure a healthy democracy, you need well educated people to vote on modern issues. It is pretty obvious that if we had a bunch of easily duped idiots voting on important matters, for example the election of a president, liberty all around the world could be threatened. What would happen if a complete moron were to be put in charge of a world superpower?  Perhaps there would be a series of unjust wars, a few signings of acts destroying privacy, some crimes against humanity, and unnecessary bloodshed; all in the name of patriotism and freedom, an obvious lie. It is important that people know their rights, how their government works, and where to draw the line. Most importantly, they need to know the difference between right and wrong in relation to the entire world, not just their little nook. It is possible that some people enjoy education because it expands their minds, they may see it as entertainment. This is reason enough to enroll yourself in classes. If something beneficial to everybody is what you enjoy taking part in, by all means, go ahead and do it. How does Philosophy fit into these five categories? Philosophy, although mostly boring, can be interesting at some times – which leads it to be entertaining. This class could be taken by people who enjoy learning how to better understand the workings of the human mind and/or religion. For theists, Philosophy could reinforce their faith in God, making them feel all good inside, or it could lead them to question their absurd religions, grow a pair, and stop using the church as a crutch – a tie or win situation, respectively. Once they give up their silly beliefs, they could also drop the prejudices that come with them and allow everybody to be treated equally. The less prejudiced people there are voting in this country, the better, this would lead to a stronger government with more freedom for all. In conclusion, there are five purposes for education; money, history, respect, better governments, and entertainment. Philosophy fits snugly into the entertainment and governmental categories.

Important of Listening Essay

It is generally recognized that listening comprehension, which can be understood as the ability to identify and understand what others say, plays a key role in facilitating language learning. Gary (1975) said that giving pre-eminence to listening comprehension, particularly in the early stage of second language teaching and learning language. Firstly, listening is one of the basic sources of information. It is easy to see that all L2 learners want to understand target language, or they want to be able to access the rich variety of oral and visual L2 texts available today via network-based multimedia, such as on-line audio and video, YouTube, podcasts and blogs. Moreover, as infants, we have the unique ability to listen to sounds and understand them. The first words that a child learns are by listening to parents, understanding and then reproducing these words. Growing older, a large part of our lives is spent in school or college where we learn primarily by listening to what our teachers say. We complement the listening process by asking questions and increasing our knowledge. Secondly, listening is an important language skill to develop language. For example, when we need to learn a second language, the first thing that we do is to study the grammar and syntax behind the language. However, knowledge of grammar and syntax alone will not improve our command over the language. We need to practice using the language. How do we practice using a second language? We need to read, write and listen to the language. It is only after practice that we will become fluent in using the language. Learning a non-native or a second language requires listening to that language. A non-native English speaker for example, needs to learn to listen to the language in order to understand its nuances. Learning English listening helps to improve command over the English language. Listening and understanding spoken English helps non-native speakers of the language to gain confidence. Besides, listening remains the primary form of contact with a language. By listening we are able to understand subtleties about the language that are not apparent by reading or by just studying grammar. For learners of English, listening is vital because it is through this sense that they receive information on vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, spoken word order, as well as the stress patterns of words, phrases and sentences. Through listening the learner picks up vital clues, some consciously, others subconsciously, about what constitutes idiomatic spoken English. The learner may also register and retain words and phrases which, having heard them from a native speaker or their teacher, they know to be acceptable for their own use later on. Finally, listening can help develop other skills. Dunkel (1991) and Rost (2002) also emphasized that listening comprehension is lied at the heart of L2 listening; and the development of L2 listening skill has demonstrated as a beneficial impact on the development of other skills. Listening with care and attention, and moreover, demonstrating that they are listening by eye contact, nodding where appropriate, and asking questions to clarify where necessary, guarantees that the goal of the communication is achieved. In which, whether it’s a simple â€Å"Excuse me, could you please tell me the way to the train station?† to a discussion on cultural differences, the goal is the same effective communication. And without both parties being able to listen actively, the chance of real communication is diminished. Without the skill of listening, there can be no language learning, and hence no communication . Therefore, listening comprehension is a highly integrative skill. It plays an important role in the process of language learning/acquisition, facilitating the emergence of other language skills. For these reasons, learners of foreign language, including students at Tay Bac University, need to have an awareness and a competence in listening comprehension. In order to do so, one of the most important factors is that they need to be well-taught to listen.

Arguments for Capital Punishment essays

Arguments for Capital Punishment essays Capital punishment might be cruel in some ways but when someone kills someone else, and the taxpayers have to keep them alive in jail that is not right. I support capital punishment because not only is it cruel to keep somebody locked up for life but it also is a waste of money by the state. The major argument for capital punishment is retribution. The victim's family often feels relieved when the prisoner has been executed. "Retribution satisfies the demand for justice. It channels public outrage into the acceptable form of the criminal sentence. If criminal sentences do not satisfy this demand for justice, angry citizens may lose respect for law and even, on occasion, take it into their own hands" (Samaha). The punishment handed out should fit the crime committed, if a murder is committed then he or she deserves to be executed. The best solution to the problem is to execute the prisoner right away, eliminate the nine appeals that the prisoner has a right to. This way it cuts down on the crowded prisons and saves the government a lot of money. It will open up more room for the criminals who are not in prison and allowed to stay on the streets. These convicted murderers should have no right to be allowed to live any longer than after they are convicted. Do it quickly and ease the pain. Those who oppose capital punishment are in the minority today in the United States. "By 1989 more than 80 percent of Americans favored the death penalty" (Samaha). So with support for capital punishment on the rise, why doesn't the government do what we the people want and endorse capital punishment in every state. People argue that capital punishment is immoral. But in the Old Testament, it says it is moral. In one passage from Genesis, "Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed." Another from Exodus, "Eye for an eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burn for burn, wound for wound, stripe for stripe" (Mitchell)...

Assignment 2 Database Modeling and Normalization

It really depends on the person style, specifications they are looking for, trust in the brand, and the depth of their pockets, how much a person is willing to spend for example on a that high definition led plasma television that is 52 inches. No matter the cost, businesses want to keep a track of the sales of their employees and how much they are getting paid. In this case a high-end electronics store wants to streamline data processing to enable them to help determine the commissions paid to employees. Assignment 2- Database Modeling and Normalization Streamlining processes allows information to be available to users across the system. In order for the finance department to be able to find the commission paid to employee’s information that maybe held by other departments such as human resources will be needed. Once the database is complete and has all the information such as: employee first and last name, employee ID, yearly salary, commission rate, department, etc, the finance department can then being to generate that information. In this case a query is designed to allow the finance department to determine commissions paid to employees of specific departments. That code will be compared to the code that would show how much total compensation is paid to each employee monthly. Lastly it will be described how Big Data could be used to assist in productivity and forecasting of organizations product and resources. Methods After information is gathered about the employee; most of what was mentioned before, and input into the system a query can be designed to pull that information from the tables. In order to pull information from tables the SELECT function is used to determine the information that is needed and the FROM function tells from what tables to pull it (Coronel, Morris Rob, 2012). The coding that was used to find information on commissions paid to employees was: SELECT Employee. * FROM Employee, Invoice WHERE (DepartmentID =2); The asterisk next to employees indicates that all the information under the employee table was used to generate the search. In this query information was pulled from the employee and invoice tables. The WHERE function more specifically states the department which can be changed and it would generate new information. The query currently only shows employee commission information for employees who work in department two (see attachment). If the finance department wanted to find the total compensation paid to each employee in the same month as the first query a slightly different query would be run to generate that information. The first code simply pulled the information and did not include and computation because the finance department only requested to be able to determine as in pull up the record for employee’s commission paid. The second code will include computation which will divide the yearly salary by twelve months then multiples the commission rate by the total amount of product sold and lastly add those two numbers together to get the total compensation for that month. Unfortunately the coding that I am using is not generating a proper result. However, it should look something like this: SELECT Employee. EmpNumber, Employee. EmpFirstName, Employee. EmpLastName, Employee. YrlySalary, Invoice. InvAmount, Invoice. InvDate, Employee. CommissionRate FROM Employee INNER JOIN Invoice ON Employee. EmpNumber = Invoice. EmpNumber WHERE (DepartmentID=2);, it is missing the computation part. Big Data could be used to assist in productivity and forecasting of organizations product and resources because it takes â€Å"large pools of data that can be brought together and analyzed to discern patterns and make better decisions†. It â€Å"enhanc[es] productivity and creat[es] significant value for the world economy by reducing waste and increasing the quality of products and services (Mcguire, 2012). Additionally, Big Data adds â€Å"value by making information transparent†¦ â€Å"store more transactional data in digital form†, and develop the next generation of products and services† (Mcguire, 2012). That last aspect of Big Data allows â€Å"manufacturers are using data obtained from sensors embedded in products to create innovative after-sales service offerings such as proactive maintenance to avoid failures in new products (Mcguire, 2012). References Coronel, C. , Morris, S. , Rob, P. (2012). Database systems. (10th ed. ). Independence, KY: Cengage. Mcguire, T. (2012, July). Why big data is the new competitive advantage. Retrieved from http://www. iveybusinessjournal. com/topics/strategy/why-big-data-is-the-new-competitive-advantage Appendix A Appendix B | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Spyware and Adware Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Spyware and Adware - Essay Example They can enter the computer through ports or by downloading freeware software or any game from the internet (Michael 2010). For the safe working of the computer it is very necessary that the computer has some antidotes for such malicious soft wares and viruses. Because these malwares and viruses are very harmful for your computer as it can completely make your computer useless. Many anti-spyware soft wares, antivirus soft wares, firewalls are easily available on the market. But here a question arise, which software to choose for the better and complete protection of the computer? The two most commonly available soft wares are antivirus software and firewall. Firewall is software that runs on your computer and provides you with first hand protection. It controls and manages all the network traffic and clearly monitors which data is to be forwarded and which not. This action will be performed according to a set of predefined instructions. A firewall will stop all internet traffic from unauthorized sources; it will even block your internet connection first and will allow access to only a limited number of trusted sites. However, slips can occur at a port and then your computer will be at a risk if you do not have any further protection on your computer (Elizabeth 2010). On the other hand antivirus software is software that scans the computer for any viruses, hackers or malicious soft wares such as Trojans and worms and removes it from the computer. It will alert you if you are downloading any free ware software, games, songs or videos or opening a website containing a virus. It will tell you to immediately terminate your activity and will then run a check and remove the virus (Gordano 2012). A firewall can only protect you from hackers and some malicious soft wares or any other internet traffic entering from the port. However it will not be able to protect your computer if any malware manages to enter the computer or any virus enters the computer through downloade d software or game. An antivirus is very necessary for your computer so that it can scan through your hard disk and computer and detect any malware and virus. A malware or a virus can enter your computer through a USB or a CD; it can enter the computer through a downloaded software or game as well. If the virus enters this way a firewall alone cannot manage to remove the virus or malware. However, the antivirus software can alone manage to remove the viruses and malicious software no matter by what means the virus or the malware enters the computer. However, for the complete protection of your computer it is recommended that you have both firewall as well as antivirus software (www.antivirusfirewallsoftware.org 2007) Task2 For people who are new to using computer, they are generally unaware of the different soft wares and facilities that are available for the protection and increased efficiency of the computer. A new comer is also unaware of the threats to which a computer is liable and the extent to which a computer can suffer due to a virus or a malware. He can use a computer without installing any protection software and can cause the computer to hang or even the computer can get into a condition in which it becomes completely useless. Therefore it is necessary that when you are new to using a computer you get help and guidelines from an expert or at least the one who has been using a computer from a quite a lot of time about all the needs of a computer, the threats that a computer can face and the various solutions

Hang on for a smooth flight; Paragliding in the UK, an Organisational Essay

Hang on for a smooth flight; Paragliding in the UK, an Organisational and Consumer perspective - Essay Example ccomplish the following: (1) to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current Hang gliding and Paragliding Industry in the United Kingdom of Great Britain; (2) to investigate key components in APCO’s marketing strategy which led to their perceived dominance in the market and; (3) to examine consumer’s perception and satisfaction with the current market situation. To achieve these objectives, the researcher would conduct a survey to fifty (50) respondents, 25 are new trainees and 25 are paragliding instructors. These respondents also went through a series of semi-structured interviews to clarify their answers in the survey. The results of this study proves that there is indeed an increase in the number of people who are into adventure sports such as paragliding despite the risks that come with these sports. It is because of this that they give so much importance to the reputation and marketing strategies of certain manufacturers so as to ensure their safety as they engage in sports which are accompanies by high risks. In the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the sport of Paragliding is gaining tremendous popularity as an essential part of both the aviation and adventure tourism industries. Without a doubt, it has significantly contributed to the rise of the aviation industry as one of the most important industries in the United Kingdom, generating about 10.2 billion pounds sterling, thus amounting to 1.4% of the Gross Domestic Product of the Country. At the same time, the aviation industry has opened a lot of job opportunities for the citizens of the UK. In fact, it has already been reported to have been directly employed by this particular industry. As one of the perceived substantial industries in the country, it has helped in supporting the vision of their government for a high-productivity economy (OEF, 1999). Without a doubt, the economic growth of the UK owes a lot to aviation. Firstly because it is a part of their transport infrastructure to which

Social Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Media - Essay Example Information sharing is considered as one of the major aspects of social media. The success of social media relies on the way people transmit and share information in an efficient manner (Panahi, Watson and Partridge, â€Å"Social Media and Tacit Knowledge Sharing: Developing a Conceptual Model†). Thesis Statement The report discusses the opinions of people on the usage of social media for sharing information. In order to understand the opinions about social media, two people have been interviewed on how they make use of social media for gaining information in one of the popular social networking sites named ‘Facebook’. The objective of the report is to recognize the importance of social media for sharing of information in present times. Information Sharing and Facebook Social media permits users to share their views, experiences, thoughts, understandings and perspectives effortlessly. Social media has opened new opportunities for users to involve in online groups and to develop media contents. Social media utilizes Web 2.0 application which has brought in a big revolution in the internet. Social media encourages sharing of information in a cooperative way. ... In these social networking sites people can establish relationships and influence social associations for sharing information and resources. In this context, it can be stated that Facebook is the biggest social networking site in the world (Wilson, Boe, Sala, Puttaswamy and Zhao, â€Å"User Interactions in Social Networks and their Implications†). It allows users to share basic information such as name, birthdate and other private interests. In Facebook, people use messaging applications in order to share information. Unlike other social networking websites, Facebook is developed by the model of networks which categorizes users to membership oriented groups. Users’ network membership enables to decide the type of information they can view and how their information is viewed by other people. Users can easily share photos and can post remarks (Wilson, Boe, Sala, Puttaswamy and Zhao, â€Å"User Interactions in Social Networks and their Implications†). Data Collectio n In order to understand the opinions of the people about information sharing in social media, two teenage students have been interviewed. The reason for selecting teenage students is that they are considered as the most active players in using social media and they also engage in social media activities frequently. Findings The interviewees were interrogated with close ended questions and open ended questions in order to understand their modes of using social media along with their thoughts about it for information sharing. The interview began with asking two questions concerning the frequency of using Facebook messaging and information sharing. It has been found that both interviewees use instant messaging on Facebook on a daily basis. With respect to sharing information both contribute

Importance of Statistical Research in Medicine

Importance of Statistical Research in Medicine The Nepal Journal of Epidemiology is the first journal of its kind in Nepal. Our main objective in pioneering this journal is to attempt to provide a common platform for all researchers, particularly those doing epidemiological studies on prevailing public health problems in the community. We wish to make this journal one that follows standard criteria of scientific article writing with sound technical knowhow. We have introduced several initiatives to improve the quality, reporting, and transparency of research in general, and randomised trials in particular, by emphasising the importance of protocols. We offer to review protocols to improve trial quality and reduce publication bias. We consider submissions of randomised trials only if registered and accompanied by a protocol, which is sent with the manuscript to peer reviewers. All who use, receive, or pay for health-care interventions depend on guidance from reliable research findings and will want reassurance that medical researc h is credible. Essentially, Nepals research output is still small. More collaboration and partnerships between countries in different regions of Asia and externally must be fostered. Lack of investment in research should also be addressed by nations that are capable of investing more. Research in Nepal can and should flourish over the next decade. A brief review through almost any recently published medical journal will show that statistical methods play an increasingly important role in modern medical research. Many research papers quote at least one p-value to communicate their results while some present the results and the statistical analysis of medical data in relatively sophisticated and complex sets1-8. After extensive study of the available literature and from the personal experience in this domain, I would like to venture a few recommendations for the improvement of various aspects in medical research and its application. I believe that this brief discussion will be of great value to all professionals involved in medical research and its application. Medicine is a science of uncertainty and an art of probability, mused William Osler. Medical journals are a confluence of medicine, science and journalism-and are expected to have the values of all three. The science that underpins medicine is presented in journals, and most journals can point to landmark studies that changed medicine. Medical journals differ from scientific journals in that they are mainly read, not by scientists, but by practicing doctors. Medical journals will continue to be the main vehicle of scientific information for years to come, particularly where access to computer and internet facilities are relatively limited. Currently, the output-and rewards-of research are based almost entirely on published papers in scientific journals. Scientists in low-income and middle-income settings want an opportunity to analyze data for their populations according to their own priorities. They want to be in the frontlines of national and global conversations about their countr ys experiences. Evidence-based medicine provides several ways to quantify and communicate uncertainty, but does so from a probabilistic rather than a human perspective. We can divide Evidence based medicine/clinical epidemiology into two major methodological themes: statistical and implementation. The use and analysis of large trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, evidence hierarchies, cost-effectiveness analyses, and number needed to treat would come under the statistical while the improved access to evidence through literature searching, library and critical appraisal tools, guideline development, risk framing, etc. would be implementation. Researchers welcome clinical uncertainty as a source of knowledge gaps, whose answers will be meaningful to clinicians and patients. Clinical epidemiology bridges clinical practice and public health. Policies notwithstanding, despite suggestions to detect and eliminate research misconduct, training in research ethics, standards and responsible conduct is often minimal or absent in academia. The quality of medical journals depends on several factors involving three groups of people: namely the authors, the reviewers and the editors. Deciding who should be listed as an author is not simple, and too often the decision is made on the basis of power. The powerful are included, even when they have done nothing, and the weak are excluded, even though they have done most of the work. This unethical behaviour can become a major problem if the study proves to be fraudulent, as has happened many times. Sometimes journals receive coverage in the media that makes them squirm, particularly when they are exposed as having published research that is fraudulent. I worry that journals are being polluted by misconduct and that editors are not responding adequately. Scientific reading will enhance the quality of scientific writing. Critical reading and thinking will provide a relevant, interesting, feasible, ethical and novel research hypothesis. The author or researcher planning on a research study and publication should search in Medline, PubMed and other search engines for relevant reviews and literature of similar studies in world and national scenario. These studies must be examined for strengths and weaknesses, and the researcher must apply required modifications for new knowledge. It will help the author tremendously in the writing of the introduction, discussion and conclusion part of the manuscript. Before starting data collection, the researcher should decide upon the study design, target population, sample size and sampling method, inclusion exclusion criteria, study period, study variable, outcome measures and units of measurement, definition of all the terms and variables and their classification. After careful consideration, the methodology of data collection and the method of data analysis, including the computer packages and statistical methods, should be chosen. The instruments or questionnaire used to measure the variables should be described correctly and if others have developed them, referenced properly. A researcher should be well aware of the concepts of different types of data and variables, two types of errors (type I and type II errors), calculation of sample size, significance level, confidence interval, testing of hypothesis and power of the test1-11. Once these criteria are followed, the authors should allot paragraphs for each one of them in the material and methods part of the manuscript, thereby increasing the quality of the study. This meticulous planning and execution will be useful to new researchers in this area. The editorial management is a crucial part of the publishing process. The editors begin action with the receipt of the manuscript by directing the various steps of evaluation, correction and re-submission, until an editorial decision is taken to accept the paper as is, accept it after modification or reject it if it is unacceptable. They then make necessary text and layout editing. Due consideration is given to the statistical, multilingual and ethical aspects as well as to the overall uniformity of the terminology, nomenclature and style throughout the volume as a whole. Experts review plays a pivotal role on maintaining the quality of a medical journal. A reviewer is required to address a number of important aspects of the paper and to make recommendation concerning the acceptability of the paper. Findings of good research deserve to be presented well, and a good presentation is as much a part of the research as the painstaking collection and analysis of the data. Critical appraisal of 150 articles published in a reputed medical journal in Nepal reveals that in more than 70% articles experienced biostatisticians were not involved or substantially contributed (not co authored), more than 65% studies sample size calculation were wrong and 80% of the article with inadequate statistical details and wrong statistical tests. Critical reviewers of the biomedical literature have consistently found that more than half of the published articles (including scientific articles, published even in the best journals) that used statistical methods contained unacceptable errors 1-11. The term statistics here in this context, has a wider meaning and includes the methodology of research, study design, or epidemiological methodology etc 1-8. The major applications of biostatistics started in the middle of the 17th century in the analysis of vital statistics. After the early developments in vital statistics, the field of genetics was the next area that benefited most from the new statistical ideas emerging in the works of Charles Darwin (1809-1882), Francis Galton (1822-1910), Karl Pearson (1857-1936), and Ronald A. Fisher (1890-1962). Now, the fields of application and areas of concern of biostatistics include evidence based medicine, bioassays, public health, health service research, nutrition, environmental health, demography, epidemiology, surveys of human populations, community diagnosis, bio-mathematical modelling, clinical trials, brain imaging, genomics and proteomics. Computer-based statistical packages have not yet been given expertise to decide the correct method although they sometimes generate a warning message when the data are not adequate. The user of the package decides the method9. The real solution to poor statistical reporting will come when authors learn more about the statistical methods in research design and when statisticians are able to convey the importance of the methods used in the study to authors, editors, and readers; when researchers begin to involve statisticians from the beginning of research, not at its end; when manuscript editors begin to understand and to apply statistical reporting and editing guidelines; when the journals are able to screen the articles containing statistical analyses more carefully; and when readers learn more about how to interpret statistics and begin to expect and demand, adequate statistical reporting7. A researcher should never hesitate to ask for professional assistance from a biostatistician to plan the study or experiment. There may be valuable research going on in developing and financially less-privileged countries, but it usually does not reach international visibility, in spite of a large number of scientific journals in these countries. Such journals are not only invisible but by perpetuating a vicious circle of inadequacy, may be directly damaging to the local science and research culture. Journals should prevent this by constructing an editorial board including qualified editors from developed and developing countries in the editorial board. I recommend biostatisticians to join as editors and reviewers in order to help formulate journal policy, audit the quality of statistics in published papers, help produce statistical guidelines or checklists for authors, educate editors, provide explanatory statistical comments on published papers, and write expository articles about statistical matters in journals.