Challenges to Indias Automobile Industry

Challenges to Indias Automobile Industry Industry Overview Since the first car rolled out on the streets of Mumbai (then Bombay) in 1898, the Automobile Industry of India has come a long way. During its early stages the auto industry was overlooked by the then Government and the policies were also not favorable. The liberalization policy and various tax reliefs by the Govt. of India in recent years has made remarkable impacts on Indian Automobile Industry. Indian auto industry, which is currently growing at the pace of around 18 % per annum, has become a hot destination for global auto players like Volvo, Genneral motors. The automotive industry is facing new and pressing challenges. Globalization, individualizations, digitalization and increasing competition are pressing the face of the industry. In addition, increasing safety requirements and voluntary environmental commitments by the automotive industry have also contributed to the changes ahead. Size is no longer a guarantee of success. Only those companies that find new ways to create value will prosper in the future. The purpose of this paper is to present a short overview of the automotive industry today and highlight challenges facing the industry. Based on this perspective, some strategic methodology which enabling them to transform themselves for the competition. Automobile Industry in India Automobile Industry in India has witnessed a tremendous growth in recent years and is all set to carry on the momentum in the foreseeable future. Indian automobile industry has come a long way since the first car ran on the streets of Bombay in 1898. Today, automobile sector in India is one of the key sectors of the economy in terms of the employment. Directly and indirectly it employs more than 10 million people and if we add the number of people employed in the auto-component and auto ancillary industry then the number goes even higher. The automobile industry comprises of heavy vehicles (trucks, buses, tempos, tractors); passenger cars; and two-wheelers. Heavy vehicles section is dominated by Tata-Telco, Ashok Leyland, Eicher Motors, Mahindra and Mahindra, and Bajaj. The major car manufacturers in India are Hindustan Motors, Maruti Udyog, Fiat India Private Ltd., Ford India Ltd., General Motors India Pvt. Ltd., Honda Siel Cars India Ltd., Hyundai Motors India Ltd., and Skoda India Private Ltd., Toyota Motors, Tata Motors etc. The dominant players in the two-wheeler sector are Hero Honda, Bajaj, TVS, Honda Motorcycle Scooter India (Pvt.) Ltd., Yamaha etc. In the initial years after independence Indian automobile industry was plagued by unfavourable government policies. All it had to offer in the passenger car segment was a 1940s Morris model called the Ambassador and a 1960s Suzuki-derived model called the Maruti 800. The automobile sector in India underwent a metamorphosis as a result of the liberalization policies initiated in the 1991. Measures such as relaxation of the foreign exchange and equity regulations, reduction of tariffs on imports, and refining the banking policies played a vital role in turning around the Indian automobile industry. Until the mid 1990s, the Indian auto sector consisted of just a handful of local companies. However, after the sector opened to foreign direct investment in 1996, global majors moved in. Automobile industry in India also received an unintended boost from stringent government auto emission regulations over the past few years. This ensured that vehicles produced in India conformed to the stand ards of the developed world. Indian automobile industry has matured in last few years and offers differentiated products for different segments of the society. It is currently making inroads into the rural middle class market after its inroads into the urban markets and rural rich. In the recent years Indian automobile sector has witnessed a slew of investments. India is on every major global automobile players radar. Indian automobile industry is also fast becoming an outsourcing hub for automobile companies worldwide, as indicated by the zooming automobile exports from the country. Today, Hyundai, Honda, Toyota, GM, Ford and Mitsubishi have set up their manufacturing bases in India. Due to rapid economic growth and higher disposable income it is believed that the success story of the Indian automobile industry is not going to end soon. Some of the major characteristics of Indian automobile sector are: Second largest two-wheeler market in the world. Fourth largest commercial vehicle market in the world. 11th largest passenger car market in the world Expected to become the worlds third largest automobile market by 2030, behind only China and the US. Some facts on Automobile industry in India: India has the fourth largest car market in the world India has the largest three wheeler market in India India is the second largest producer of two wheelers in the world India ranks fifth in the production of commercial vehicles. Hyundai Motors ranks second in car production in the world. Indian automobile industry; manufacturing cars, buses, three wheelers, two wheelers, commercial vehicles, heavy vehicles, provides employment to a large number of workforce. The abolition of licensed in 1991opened the doors for international automobile manufacturers. Some of the well-known players of Indian automobile industry include: Hindustan Motors, Maruti Udyog, Fiat India Private Ltd, Ford India Ltd., General Motors India Pvt Ltd, and Toyota Kirloskar Motor Ltd among others. The production of automobiles in India is mainly for the domestic customers. Cars with 79% of automobiles in India, dominate the automobile industry in India. The Challenge of Competitive Environment The most important question is how a company can remain competitive in the face of the turbulent transformations taking place in the automotive industry. The key to success lies in being focused, responsive, variable and resilient, which can be accomplished by converting to anon demand company. Adaptively to an ever-changing environment has become the core business demand, requiring problem-solving tools and methods to be identified, selected and implemented quickly. Focused, responsive, variable and resilient are different behaviors required to become more adaptable behaviors whose features correspond with the exigencies of the business objective. If you are hungry at lunch time, you will responsively take a break so that you can afterwards again focus on your work. The vitamins in the salad you had for lunch make you resilient against influenza. Thus you can variably adjust to different weather conditions on the way back home without catching a chill. Transforming this analogy to b usiness, a car manufacturer has seven major strategic levers to enable such adaptive behavior. Market Share Automobile industry of India can be broadly classified under passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, three wheelers and two wheelers, with two wheelers having a maximum market share of more than 75%. Automobile companies of India, Korea, Europe and Japan have a significant hold on the Indian market share. Tata Motors produces maximum numbers of mid and large size commercial vehicles, holding more that 60% of the market share. Motorcycles top the charts of two wheelers with Hero Honda being the key player. Bajaj by far is the number one manufacturer of three wheelers in India. Passenger vehicle section is major ruled by the car manufacturers capturing over 82% of the total market share. Maruti since long has been the biggest car manufacturer and holds more that 50% of the entire market. Major Manufacturers in Automobile Industry Maruti Udyog Ltd. General Motors India Ford India Ltd. Eicher Motors Bajaj Auto Daewoo Motors India Hero Motors Hindustan Motors Hyundai Motor India Ltd. Royal Enfield Motors Telco TVS Motors DC Designs Swaraj Mazda Ltd Government has liberalized the norms for foreign investment and import of technology and that appears to have benefited the automobile sector. The production of total vehicles increased from 4.2 million in 1998- 99 to 7.3 million in the2003-04. It is likely that the production of such vehicles will exceed 10 million in next couple of the months. The industry has adopted the global standards and this was manifested in the increasing exports of the sector. After a temporary slump during 1998- 99 and 1999-00, such exports registered robust growth rates of well over 50 per cent in 2002-03 and 2003-04 each to exceed two and- a-half times the export figure for 2001-02. The key factors behind the upswing Sales incentives, introduction of new models as well as variants coupled with easy availability of low cost finance with comfortable repayment options continued to drive demand and sales of automobiles during the first two quarters of the current year. The risk of an increase in the interest rates, the impact of delayed monsoons on rural demand, and increase in the costs of inputs such as steel are the key concerns for the players in the industry. As the players continue to introduce new models and variants, the competition may intensify further. The ability of the players to contain costs and focus on exports will be critical for the performance of their respective companies. Key Research Highlights Passenger car production in India is projected to cross three million units in 2014-15. Sales of passenger cars during 2008-09 to 2015-16 are expected to grow at a CAGR of around 10%. Export of passenger cars is anticipated to rise more than the domestic sales during 2008-09 to 2015-16. Motorcycle sales will perform positively in future, exceeding 10 Million units by 2012-13. Value of auto component exports is likely to attain a double digit figure in 2012-13. Turnover of the Indian auto component industry is forecasted to surpass US$ 50 Billion in 2014-15. Automobile Features Production volumes in automobile companies have grown by around 2% per year over the last 20 years; however, its relative importance in terms of market value compared to other industry sectors has decreased significantly. Today the automobile industry represents less than 2% of the total European market capitalisation, while 20 years ago the sector was almost double in relative size. As a result of tough competition, product cycles have become shorter which creates a crowded market place with newer and fresher products. This also means that 1) the competitive advantage period of a model, or technology, decreases, and 2) research development costs have to be covered more quickly. Recognising market movements first, or even creating them, is a key success factor for automobile companies. For example, early detection of the rising demand for hybrids was an important marketing move for Toyota, while other companies may be launching their hybrids when competition is already quite intense. Only about 1/4 of over 50 car manufacturers who were operating 40 years ago have been able to retain their economic independence. Despite this consolidation, overcapacity in the industry is a constant issue, keeping pricing and the return on invested capital under pressure when the cost of capital can often not be covered. A high fixed cost base ensures that companies follow a growth strategy. However, this does not mean more jobs in the sector, but rather that fewer employees in lower-cost countries have to produce more. Medium and Heavy Commercial Vehicles India is the fifth largest manufacturer of commercial vehicles in the world. Performance of this sector during the last 4 years is given in the table below:- The main manufacturers are: Tata Group (engines in collaboration with Cummins) Ashok Leyland (in collaboration with IVECO, Italy Volvo India Pvt. Ltd. (wholly-owned subsidiary of Sweden Defence Vehicle factory (in collaboration with MAN, Germany Opportunities for Canadian companies in terms of exports, technology transfers, strategic alliances, financial collaborations and JVs CNG buses Modification of engines and supply of kits. Fuel cell technology for buses Bus body building including school bus bodies Heavy duty trailers Indian automobile sector A Booming Market De-licensing in 1991 has put the Indian automobile industry on a new growth track, attracting foreign auto giants to set up their production facilities in the country to take advantage of various benefits it offers. This took the Indian automobile production from 5.3 Million Units in 2001-02 to 10.8 Million Units in 2007-08. The other reasons attracting global auto manufacturers to India are the countrys large middle class population, growing earning power, strong technological capability and availability of trained manpower at competitive prices. In 2006-07, the Indian automotive industry provided direct employment to more than 300,000 people, exported auto component worth around US$ 2.87 Billion, and contributed 5% to the GDP. Due to this large contribution of the industry in the national economy, the Indian government lifted the requirement of forging joint ventures for foreign companies, which attracted global to the Indian market to establish their plants, resulting in heightened automobile production. Economic Problems The problems faced by Indian manufacturers are similar to those battering Indian carmakers excessive production capacity; a surging new competitor. And all of this is happening at a time when the industry is focused on a process of outsourcing components. In addition, moving plants to Asia has become a priority because of such factors as costs, flexibility and technology. Europe, in contrast, becomes a stumbling block [to manufacturers] because of its rigidities and the stagnating demand there. The automotive industry currently faces huge challenges. The fundamental technological paradigm it relies on, volume production, has become progressively more unprofitable in the face of increasingly segmented niche markets. At the same time it faces increasing regulatory and social pressures to improve both the sustainability of its products and methods of production. Building on a wealth of research, The automotive industry and the environment addresses those challenges and how they can be met in producing a sustainable and profitable industry for the future. Hybrid cars require companies to spend more on research. The Indian automakers committed themselves to hybrid motors from the very first moment, and they have taken the lead in the market as a result. Other manufacturers have entered this segment late, and they are now being forced to make a major disinvestment in this concept. Auto manufacturers are more worried about the environment, and that matters more and more to customers. As a result, they are dedicating more resources to investing in technology for adopting their vehicles. The Indian companies are the ones who have invested more in these devices for quite some time because of their culture of harmony with nature, and the measures imposed by the government. The Indian firms are gaining market share. Toyota, which does not face the same economic problems as its major rivals, hopes to oust from its spot as the worlds leading automaker. To do that, Toyota is going to invest 10.13 billion Euros over the next few years.Already; the Indian firm sells more vehicles in the Indian than any other manufacturer. On the one hand, its SUVs are losing market share. On the other hand, Ford is being affected by discount plans aimed at luring buyers. In addition to suffering high labor costs, it spends a great deal on healthcare and pensions for its workers. Finally, Ford is paying a price because Asian manufacturers are highly competitive. AUTOMOBILE TRENDS The industry is mature, especially in the European and American markets, while some Asian markets (e.g. China and India) still offer some growth. Overall, demand growth is likely to stay below the nominal GDP (Gross Domestic Product) expansion rate. Branding, technological leadership (especially in fuel efficient propulsion technologies and safety) and consequently differentiation, as well as good supplier relations will be the key success factors for the automobile company of the future. The regulatory focus on greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the increasingly tight regulations on air pollutants, is creating pressure for automakers to reduce fuel consumption, as well as emissions from internal combustion engines. The trend is moving towards developing drive trains based on new technologies such as hybrids and fuel cells. In all consumer markets, whether they are low-priced household goods, food, apparel, or cars, a clear polarization exists. On one side there are people who can afford to buy very expensive automobiles, while on the other, demand for low-cost vehicles is increasing. This trend can be expected to continue and car manufacturers have to ensure that they are not going to be lost in the middle. Finding Solutions In recent years, vehicle makers have gone from an environment in which the level of service and quality assured excellence while costs permitted them to guarantee profitability, to another environment that is more competitive and more global, and in which the business has become more complex. The problems faced by Tata Motors, the largest automobile company in India. In late January 2009, Tata Motors was reeling under a severe business and financial crisis. The company had acquired Jaguar and Land Rover (JLR) from the US-based Ford Motors for US$ 2.3 billion in June 2008. To finance the acquisition, Tata Motors raised a bridge loan of US$ 3 billion from a consortium of banks. By the end of January 2009, Tata Motors was yet to pay around US$ 2 billion towards the bridge loan. Moreover, JLR needed further investments, that too quickly, to keep the operations running. Besides this, the commercial launch of Tata Motors small car Nano required much more time than anticipated. Those vehicle makers must ally themselves with suppliers, and work as a team to find solutions that add value and profitability. That way, collaboration becomes a strategic option that companies can utilize to improve their competitiveness and guarantee their survival. They can conserve resources, share risks, obtain information, access complementary resources, reduce the cost of developing products and improve their technology capabilities. With the Indian economy showing no signs of revival soon, there seemed to be no immediate possibility of an increase in domestic demand. The Managing Director of the Tata Motors was left wondering if the worst was over for Tata Motors and what he should do to revive the companys performance. Issues  » Understand the impact of macroeconomic factors on the business.  » Analyze the recent developments in the global economy due to the ongoing sub-prime crisis and the resultant global financial turmoil.  » Study the effects of global economic slowdown and its impact on the global automobile industry.  » Critically analyze the problems faced by Tata Motors and suggest probable solutions. Conclusion Today tough challenges in automotive industry require finding in news ways to create value if they are to prosper to successfully adapt these lever companies will be able to respond to changes with focus, responsiveness, variability and resilience. Today, the world automobile industry accounts for 15 percent of the world gross domestic product and in future will continue to be one of the worlds most important economic sectors. Despite the significant inroads that the transport sector has made into the world export market during the last decade, the sectors share in total India exports is still lower than the relative share of world exports of transport products. Lastly, the rise of global and regional production networks calls for an efficient transport infrastructure to enable India to become integrated into the network. The global networks require rapid and Just-in-time movement of components of the final product to be able to exploit the available comparative advantages of different locations. If a country does not provide the minimum standards of transport infrastructure, it would be excluded from the participation in the network. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.surfindia.com/automobile/automobile-industry.html http://automobiles.mapsofindia.com/ http://business.mapsofindia.com/automobile/ http://www.woodheadpublishing.com/en/book.aspx?bookID=762 http://search.yahoo.com/search?p=%22In+addition+to+suffering+high+labor+costs%2Cit+spends+a+great+deal+on+healthcare+and+pensions+for+its+workers%22

In The UK A Brownfield Site Architecture Essay

Recently brownfield sites have become popular due to the serious lack in the figure of greenfield infinites on manus for development. This is more outstanding in the built up countries where the demand for residential and commercial belongings is elevated. In 2008 the UK set a mark for brownfield developments. 60 % of all new houses were to be built on brownfield sites. Records show that we have already exceeded that mark and with the rate that we are repossessing brownfield sites at present we should significantly raise that per centum over the coming decennary. The utilizations for brownfield sites are non restricted to residential and commercial edifices. They are frequently considered for renovation into unfastened infinites for diversion, forest and assorted other community related countries. Reclaiming brownfield sites is at the bosom of the UK Sustainable Development Strategy. This â€Å" Development Strategy † incorporates an extended aggregation of economic, societal and environmental aims. Brownfield renovation cleans up environmental wellness jeopardies and eyesores and in making so it promotes community growing and regeneration. Managed efficaciously as a sustainable renovation strategy, Brownfield sites provide low-cost lodging, promote economic growing through locally sourced stuffs fostering local concern ‘ and trades, protect local wildlife and supply environmentally safe countries for households to bask. Furthermore, renovation of brownfield sites can give an country a make-over and can assist direct a message to the vicinity bespeaking the importance of saving and recycling.2.0 Brownfield Land Redevelopment StepsNow that the land has been chosen for the proposed development, a big athleticss Centre within a little town in Scotland, it is of import to set up whether or non the Brownfield site in inquiry is suited for such a development. The proposed site will affect the destruction of an bing edifice. Therefore all planning Torahs must be adhered to and the local planning governments must be notified in composing sketching the purposes for the proposed site. This is of import as particular licenses are required to repossess Brownfield sites. There are a figure of trials and surveies that must be carried out in order to obtain the needed information to find the extent of the decontamination steps required to fix the site.2.1 Demolition and Recycling Existing Building On-SiteIn order to maximize the sustainability of the development it is of import to place, separate and extinguish all risky stuffs from the dismantled waste. Furthermore any recyclables such as masonry debris and other stuffs should be extracted from the destruction waste and can be used in the concrete / asphalt or paved countries around the site. This promotes sustainable development by lending to the authorities sustainability aims of prudent usage of natural resources and protection of the environment. Using low embodied edifice stuffs reduces the CO2 emanations during the building procedure and besides has a positive consequence on the cost of the full undertaking as less waste is sent to expensive landfill. There are a figure of companies within the UK that specialise in building and destruction waste recycling and disposal. These companies work closely with â€Å" Site Waste Management Plans † guaranting that merely risky stuffs are disposed of and everything recyclable is reused.2.2 Designation of Hazardous MaterialsA big figure of stuffs are involved in any physique, hence, when a edifice is being demolished it is of import to place these risky stuffs and dispose of them safely so that they do non go a danger to anybody else in the hereafter. The edifice on the proposed site is a 150 twelvemonth old derelict masonry edifice. The bing edifice is to be demolished and any suited recyclables are to be used in building the new athleticss Centre and any concrete / asphalt or paved countries around the site. In order to place the assorted stuffs it is of import to set a sorting program in topographic point. This will guarantee merely reclaimable stuffs get reused and all risky stuffs are disposed of suitably. The history of the edifice plays a cardinal portion in the types of risky stuffs that can be expected to be found within the edifice. From the period the edifice was built a appropriately qualified professional can reason that the edifice shell itself will lend assorted risky stuffs to the list for safe disposal. These are likely to include asbestos, insularity stuffs, froths incorporating CFC ‘s ( Chlorofluorocarbons ) that are harmful to the O-Zone bed, roofing felts and bitumen. An applied scientist will besides look into the infinite within the edifice to find what risky stuffs may hold been associated with the assorted utilizations of the edifice. The derelict edifice in inquiry was originally used as a fabric mill and subsequently a furniture mill. This would bespeak that risky stuffs such as varnishes, gums, sealers, resin-based floorings and wood treated with chemicals or preservatives may be present from that period of the edifices life-time. In recent decennaries the edifice was used as a truck fix store. This might propose that there may be some taint from oil or lubricators, crude oil and any spillage from auto / truck batteries. It is really of import to prove for the presence of these substances and more as placing the presence of risky stuff is the first measure to decontaminating the site.2.3 Further ProbeFollowing probe into the edifice to be demolished, trials must be carried out on the status of the dirt around the site. It is of import to observe that all Brownfield site renovations come manus in manus with rigorous environmental issues. As a consequence it is recommended that an suitably experient environmental adviser is used. The environmental adviser will hold background cognition of Brownfield developments and will adequately look into any environmental hazards. First they will set about a desk top reappraisal of the proposed site by garnering all historical information available. This may associate to former quarrying or landfill in the country. Second they will fix an environmental assessment study. Contained within this study will be the consequences from extended proving for risky compounds within the dirt, land H2O and surface H2O. If the findings of the study are positive and support renovation on the site, the following measure is redress and riddance of risky stuffs.2.4 Remediation / Elimination of Hazardous MaterialsNow that the assorted risky stuffs have been identified, it is clip to categorise and split them so that they can be safely disposed of. This is what ‘s known as redress. The destruction of the edifice itself should be the concluding measure when uncluttering the site. Initially the edifice should be stripped down with careful consideration given to how each stuff is classed and whether it can be recycled or disposed of. This includes all loose stuff, fixtures, adjustments, Windowss, doors, warming and electrical systems and roofing. Once this has been categorized and divided all that should be left is the edifice skeleton and foundations for safe destruction Up until a few old ages ago redress of Brownfield sites was an expensive procedure. However, recent new redress engineerings have emerged and are cheaper than the more traditional methods. They include:Bioremediation – This utilises the natural procedures of autochthonal bacteriums, micro-organisms, workss, enzymes and Fungis to destruct or neutralize toxins and contaminations.Phytoremediation – This procedure uses workss. The can hive away contaminations in their foliages and roots ( bioaccumulation ) . Some contaminations such as heavy metals can be harvested and mined for reuse ( phytomining ) .In-situ Chemical Oxidation – This procedure injects O or chemical oxidizers into the contaminated dirt or H2O to destruct harmful compounds.2.5 Recycling Masonry RubbleWith a undertaking like this there is serious demand for concrete / asphalt and pavings around the development. Fortunately with the destruction of the bing derelict masonry edifice, a batch of the demand s can be met utilizing recycled masonry debris from the bing edifice. When utilizing recycled masonry debris from destructions such as this it is of import to guarantee that the debris is free from contaminations. Once this is done, the debris is so graded into sums. This is a simple procedure that involves sieve like machines that vibrate, dividing the assorted sized sums and roll uping them with aggregative stuff of similar sizes. The sums can so be used in assorted locations around the site depending on their size and categorization. It is of import to observe that the quality of recycled masonry rubble meets the demand for usage in building roads. Strenuous proving and categorising is required on the sums that are intended for concrete usage within the edifice in order to guarantee the consistence is sufficient. Lightweight sum does non run into demands for usage as a secondary concrete sum as the bulk of masonry stuffs are excessively soft and will adversely impact the strength of concrete merchandises.2.6 Access Roads and PavementsThe bing edifice will hold a figure of entree roads already in topographic point. These roads will hold to be excavated and in maintaining with the sustainable design of the proposed edifice and usage of recycle stuffs in the new physique it is merely suiting that the excavated asphalt should besides be recycled and form portion of the new entree roads and pavings around the site. The industry of asphalt it a really energy expensive procedure as the stuffs involved must be heated to really high temperatures in order to blend together. Therefore, the usage of recycled asphalt for route toppings around the site will hold a cost benefit to the undertaking every bit good as a positive impact on the environment.3.0 Proposed Sports Centre ComplexThe proposed athleticss Centre will be built utilizing low embodied, recycled stuffs where possible paying peculiar attending to the energy public presentation of the edifice. The edifice design will take inactive solar warming into consideration with cleverly positioned Windowss and landscaping throughout the site supplying equal shelter from the elements during the winter months. Sourcing stuffs locally cuts down on conveyance costs over big distances. This automatically reduces C emanations and besides supports the local industry guaranting occupations and community growing. This will be a cardinal constituent in the sustainable edifice of the proposed athleticss Centre.3.1 FoundationsThe best foundation for the proposed athleticss Centre is a raft foundation. Due to the size and graduated table of the proposed physique a raft foundation will let the weight of the edifice to be transferred to the land over a greater country and besides provide a degree surface for which to construct upon. It is of import that there is equal steel support in the concrete to battle land motion. When the recycled masonry debris is graded into sums, some of these sums will be suited for usage in the concrete raft foundation. Recycled concrete sums can replace up to 20 % of virgin sum in concrete within the commissariats set out in BS 8500-2.3.2 Structural Framing / Building SkeletonThe most efficient manner to construct the proposed athleticss Centre edifice is utilizing a steel framed building. The steel construction would run into the spacial demands of the chief athleticss hall, high ceilings with long spans and column free infinite to suit an indoor football pitch or hoops tribunal. Recycled steel would be appropriate here as steel can be used infinite times with no negative affects to its strength or public presentation.3.3 Wall Build-UpOnce the foundations and steel construction are in topographic point it is clip to believe about the external wall construct up. Given the intended usage of the athleticss hall it is of import to utilize a stuff that will non merely be su stainable in its building and difficult erosion but besides have an acoustic quality as the noise generated within the athleticss hall when it ‘s occupied will be of an elevated nature and could interrupt the environing populace. There is a broad array of merchandises available such as concrete blocks with 50 % coarse sums replaced with plastic while still supplying equal strenght but all things considered, I would propose an aerated concrete block. These are among the most environmentally friendly edifice merchandises available. They are formed from recycled stuffs. One of which is Pulverised Fuel Ash ( PFA ) , this is an ineluctable byproduct of the coal-burning power coevals procedure which is usually stockpiled in immense unsightly hills or is dumped at sea. Further heightening the sustainability of this merchandise is the fact that no stuff goes to blow, anything left over when a batch is made automatically goes into the following mix. Besides due to the lightweight of the stuff, more can be loaded onto a individual lorry cut downing the CO2 emanations produced in conveyance and rushing up building. The pit should be 100mm partly filled with natural wool insularity or a similar sanctioned natural insularity or recycled insularity system. The external face of the edifice should be clad with recycled bricks tied back to the internal foliage with acoustically approved wall ties.3.4 Floor Build-UpEach country of the athleticss Centre will necessitate a different finish depending on the proposed usage. The response for case will necessitate to supply a warm and welcoming atmosphere, this can be achieved utilizing rug. Recycled rug is available, this is formed from recycled stuff such as plastic, wool, cotton or nylon and laid on a recycled gum elastic carpet pad. The gum elastic could be derived from any scrap Surs staying on the site from the truck fix store. The changing suites will necessitate a difficult floor which is imperviable to H2O. Many green options are available such as recycled ceramic floor tiles and eco-friendly gum elastic floor tiles. A survey should be undertaken of the concern ‘ in the country in order to make up one's mind which stuff is easiest to obtain with the chase of sustainability in head. If there is a prey nearby it might be an thought to look into rock as a possible stuff for the flooring in difficult have oning countries. Stone has a natural, dateless beauty and a feeling of solid quality which is difficult to fit with any other type of stuff. Unfortunately due to the costs associated with rock it may non be a plausible stuff as it is by no means the cheapest type of shocking to put in or keep. The flooring in the athleticss hall is a specific type of shocking stuff. It has a figure of functional demands associated with it. It must be lasting, smooth and somewhat soft to forestall serious hurt. An ideal surface therefore, would be a gum elastic based surface which can be formed from any bit tyres found on the site. This is a cost good procedure as it is a sustainable usage for the waste gum elastic intending it is non necessary to pay for the safe disposal of the fresh Surs. The recycled gum elastic surface should so sit on some stiff insularity such as woodwool, mineral./rock wool or expanded or extruded polystyrene to increase the thermic public presentation.3.5 Roof ConstructionFor the proposed athletics Centre I would propose a green roof. A ‘Green Roof ‘ is a roof that has a vegetated covering planted over a waterproofing membrane. The roof consists of assorted beds, each with its ain map. The assorted beds cater for drainage, wet, root protection and filte ring. Green roofs have many benefits over traditional or conventional roofs. They offer a longer roof life span, increased acoustic public presentation, improved thermic public presentation in the winter and heat shielding in the summer and as they are populating organisms they retain and store 90 % of rain and storm H2O and return it to the ambiance by agencies of vaporization.3.6 Energy Performance of the BuildingA cardinal characteristic of this edifice is the inordinate usage of recycled and sustainable stuffs in the building. This has a positive consequence on the environment guaranting minimum CO2 emanations are generated in the industry of the stuffs. This is an admirable pattern and it sends a clear message to developers that the usage of recyclables can hold good executions for both the undertaking budget and besides the environment. It is of import to keep this aim throughout the edifices life-time. This can be done by implementing micro renewable engineerings during the building procedure. A edifice of this graduated table is frequently associated with big energy measures. With the monetary values of oil escalating and the UK ‘s dependence on fossil fuels at a extremum, it is critical that this edifice incorporates as many micro renewable engineerings as possible in order to drive the running costs down to a manageable degree. I would strongly propose the usage of solar photovoltaic cells ( PV ) and wind turbines to bring forth electricity along with wood fuelled boilers ( biomass ) connected to a cardinal warming system as the most relevant micro coevals engineerings that a edifice of this nature could profit from.4.0 Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems4.1 Introduction to SudsSustainable urban drainage systems are a new environmentally friendly manner of covering with surface H2O run-off. Traditional drainage strategies lead to deluging, cause pollution and are by and large more expensive to put in. Surface H2O no longer has the chance to soak into the land, alternatively it is collected in a web of pipes along with any contaminations such as oil, solid affair or toxic metals it may pick up along the manner and it is discharged into the nearest rivers or watercourses. Sustainable urban drainage systems replicate natural drainage methods. Water run-off is collected and stored to let natural cleansing to happen prior to infiltration or controlled release to watercourses. As a consequence they prevent pollution, control implosion therapy, recharge land H2O in the natural H2O tabular array and heighten the environment. There are for chief design options. These are:Filter Strips and SwalesFilter Drains and Permeable SurfacesInfiltration DevicessBasins and PondsIt is of import to observe that depending on the needed public presentation of the sustainable urban drainage system, a combination of two or more design options may necessitate to be incorporated in order to accomplish a suited drainage solution.4.2 Filter Strips and SwalesFilter strips and swales are vegetated surface characteristics that drain H2O equally off impermeable countries. Swales are long shallow channels whilst filter strips are gently inclining countries of land.4.3 Filter Drains and Permeable SurfacesFilter drains and permeable surfaces are devices that have a volume of permeable stuff below land to hive away surface H2O. Water run-off flows to a storage country via a permeable surface such as gravelled paving countries or solid pavement blocks with spreads between the single units. When the H2O falls it passes through the surfa ce to the permeable fill in the filter drain. This so allows the storage, intervention, conveyance and infiltration of the H2O ensuing in clean uncontaminated H2O being returned to land.4.4 Infiltration DevicessInfiltration devices drain H2O straight into the land. They may be used either at beginning or instead the overflow can be conveyed in a pipe or swale to the infiltration country. They include soakaways, infiltration trenches and infiltration basins every bit good as swales, filter drains and pools. Infiltration devices can be integrated into and organize portion of the landscaped countries.4.5 Basins and PondsBasins and pools store H2O at the land surface, either as impermanent implosion therapy of dry basins and inundation fields, or lasting pools. These constructions can be designed to pull off H2O measure and quality.4.6 Benefits of Sustainable Urban Drainage SystemsThere are a figure of benefits to put ining a sustainable drainage system as opposed to a traditional / con ventional system. For illustration the cost of linking to ramp cloacas and public drains is avoided and care is simple and inexpensive. Care can be carried out by landscaping contractors without the demand of skilled applied scientists and heavy machinery. When clean filtrated H2O is distributed back to the site it gives the natural flora a opportunity to boom and can make a really pleasant environment for everyone to bask.4.7 Proposed Sustainable Urban Drainage SystemA athleticss Centre will necessitate a figure of difficult surfaces to provide for auto parking. I would propose utilizing solid pavement blocks for the surface in the auto parking countries. A spread must be left between each block leting H2O to filtrate through to an under the surface storage drain which runs to a designated country such as a vegetated or green country. This rainfall run-off safeguard must be implemented in the initial design phase. I would besides propose soak holes / soakaways around the site to filtrate any H2O collected in downpipes around the edifice. With the current clime that we live in it has to be expected that significant rain will fall each twelvemonth. As such, a well designed sustainable drainage system can understate implosion therapy and any incommodiousness that may be caused during times of high rain autumn.5.0 DecisionThe purpose of the brief for this study was to critically analyse and measure the possibilities of renovation on a brownfield site with the destruction of an bing derelict masonry industrial edifice and the building of a new athleticss Centre using as many of the recycled stuffs from the destruction as possible. I approached this undertaking somewhat blind with my basic cognition of brownfield renovation. After researching the subject further I discovered all the environmental benefits environing brownfield renovation. With the worsening handiness of greenfield sites and the turning demand for lodging and community growing, brownfield renovation has got to be at the top of the list where possible in order to continue what natural countries are left. Furthermore edifice on brownfield sites removes unsightly and frequently unsafe creaky edifices and gives local countries a opportunity to renew and make a new image. Decontaminating brownfield sites in a specialized undertaking but the remotion of risky stuffs makes it a safer environment for all concerned. Fortunately new techniques for redress of contaminated sites have made it cheaper. This can be appetising for possible developers looking to spread out their belongings portfolio and as a consequence it can hold a knock on consequence within a community bring forthing occupations and concern for local trade. The brief stated that stuffs from the destruction of the bing masonry industrial edifice must be recycled and used in the building of the new athletics Centre. When the list of stuffs that could be recycled in the bing edifice was broken down, it was found that about everything could lend in some manner to the new physique. This impacts on the budget for the undertaking and in maintaining with the UK ‘s C emanation decrease marks later cuts down on any CO2 emanations that would hold been produced in the industry of virgin stuff. The usage of micro-technologies would suit in good with the overall thought of a athleticss Centre as in my sentiment a athleticss Centre implies wellness and wellbeing which can be related back to the footings â€Å" clean † and â€Å" green energy † associated with these methods and the environment. The execution of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems permits the safe return of clean irrigated H2O back to the dirt. The benefits of cost and minimum care entirely speak for themselves. With four chief design options available I feel it is of import to include at least one system as a drainage solution on sites such as this within little towns in order to continue the local wildlife and let flora to boom free from H2O pollution. All in all I feel that this undertaking were it to be undertake would be really executable. Most of the costs for would come from decontaminating the site. The physique itself would turn out to be cheaper with recycled stuffs already available on-site and given the nature of the proposed athleticss Centre I would non anticipate any issues with the local community as it will supply a safe location for kids and grownups likewise to hang out. The sustainable nature of the proposed physique besides indicates that this edifice is encompassing programs to travel frontward into a greener hereafter and it may put a case in point for future green development within the country.6.0 MentionsBrown, G. , ( 24th September 2007 ) . Gordon Browns First Speech to the Labour Conference as Party Leader. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7010664.stm [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Biomass . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/biomass/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Ground Source Heat Pumps. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/ground/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Solar PV. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/solarpv/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Solar Hot Water. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/solartherm/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Small Scale Hydro. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/hydro/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Wind Turbines. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/wind/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. The Environment – Waste and Recycling – What Happens to Waste – Construction Waste. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.defra.gov.uk/environment/waste/topics/construction/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Kelly, R. , ( 13th September 2006 ) . â€Å" Zero-Carbon † Homes Plan Unveiled. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6176229.stm [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Lomas, J. , ( 13th December 2007 ) . Public Service Review: Transport, Local Government and The Regions – Issue 11. Making Zero-Carbon Communities. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.publicservice.co.uk/article.asp? publication=Transport, % 20Local % 20Government % 20and % 20t he % 20Regions & A ; id=293 & A ; content_name=Social % 20Housing % 20and % 20Construction % 20incorporating % 20The % 20Carbon % 20Challenge & A ; article=8879 [ Accessed twenties September 2009 ]Lomas, J. , ( 13th December 2007 ) . Public Service Review: Cardinal Government – Issue 15. Meeting the Challenge. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.publicservice.co.uk/article.asp? publication=Central % 20Government & A ; id=287 & A ; content_name=Sustainable % 20Housing % 20and % 20Regeneration & A ; article=8680 [ Accessed twenties September 2009 ]New Forest Passage, ( October 2009 ) . Interesting in Generating Your Own Energy? . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.newforesttransition.org/index.php? /archives/2009/10/12.html [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Sheffield City Council. Sustainable Housing – Code For Sustainable Homes. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sheffield.gov.uk/ ? pgid=67894 & A ; fs=b [ Accessed twenties September 2009 ]Sustainable Build. Types of Construction, Wood Frame Construction. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sustainablebuild.co.uk/ConstructionWoodFrame.html [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]

Essays on Patterns of Development

Writing is a form of communication and whatever we write has to be clearly understood for the message to be passed across. We have to organize our thoughts and bring the contents to a clear view before putting it down on the paper. Good organization determines the quality of the respond that we are going to get. Narrative is the best pattern of development in that you first have to know exactly what took place. First you need to create a situation so that you can narrate it. For example if an event occurs within your vicinity, the first thing you have to do is to observe what is taking place, afterwards you conceptualize the whole event and try to think of an outcome and the possible cause of the incident. Relate this to a recent past event then provide for a solution if you can. This enhances observation and analytical skills which are necessary for everyone to be well equipped with. Each stage of writing requires critical analysis and expounding, by so doing you involve the brain so much and it is at this point that some other new tasks arises and you get to learn more yourself before presenting the subject to the students. Narrative pattern explores the place and the surrounding of the event thus you can draw so many conclusions relating to the topic. By proper coordination of ideas and skills you can overcome time as your work is well organized and there are few challenges that need to be sorted out as per time schedule. You need to have a well lied down plan at every stage of your life. So that you know what you are suppose to do at any given time. You can even seek assistance from your seniors and anybody else who has the experience to tackling your problem. These can ease the work load and gives you time to do extra activities. After various research on the topic matter you gained a lot of experience and confident. The research work also gives you exposure in other fields hence enhancing your skills and thus you can communicate effectively in the diverse environment. This coupled up with the class room work you can interact with anyone without fear or discrimination. The narrative pattern also is closely related to the descriptive pattern thus you can learn two or more patterns of development at the same time.

The Pursuit of Excellence - 2031 Words

The pursuit of excellence 1) Socrates did not write Apology. Socrates did not actually write anything, It was his friend Plato that wrote and documented Socratess speeches and dialogs. The Apology supposes to be an accurate account by Plato of Socratess trial before the Athenian jury in 399BCE. The trial began with the prosecutors presenting their case against Socrates before the Athenian jury. In this trial Meletus, the prosecutor, argued that Socrates was guilty of corrupting the youth of Athens and committing acts of impiety. The Apology contain three speeches, defense, penalty, and after the trial. The second speech of Apology deals with Socrates penalty, Socrates respond to the given penalty by proposing an alternative†¦show more content†¦The point were offered is invited down to the Commanders room is a turning point in her mind. from this point on her memories are deviated into two: before and after the invitation. This is her form of escape. After a few visits she begins to be herself and talks to him very informally. The Commander is now becoming more attractive. The ceremony is no longer just a simple task for her. There was an arrangement between them. As I understand the life that offered had, she cannot pursue excellence. Offereds life is mach like the life of a prisoner, a prisoner doesnt want to be in prison, the society that is represented by the low authorities, place him there. Offered mach like a prisoner cannot really find her place in this close society; the only thing she can do is to find the place with the most chances to survive. I dont think that a person that lives under so mach rules and regulation, and so little of a free mind can ever pursue any kindof excellence. Gilgamesh: There once was a fellow named Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh was a phenomenal individual. He was one-third man and two-thirds god. Due to his special abilities, Gilgamesh felt he was worthy of everyones praise, Gilgamesh and Enkidu, Gilgameshs best friend, decided to challenge Humbaba, the guardian-demon of the cedar forest. Gilgamesh and Enkidu prepared for their battle against Humbaba. They walked for many days towards the cedarShow MoreRelatedPursuit of Excellence2201 Words   |  9 Pages| The Pursuit of Excellence | Abstract: Whether you are an athlete, a teacher, or a promising high achiever in another walk of life, you can achieve excellence. At a time when numbers speak, performance is equal to profit and getting through the basic minimum at work is the standard practice, does the urge to set benchmarks of quality and excellence become redundant? How many of us go through life simply trying to fulfill the basics and how many set out to achieve true excellence? 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Companies will benefit from your pursuit for excellence and exceptional organizational skills.† †¢ Motivation assessment: (http://www.seemypersonality.com/) o â€Å"You sometimes have a strong drive for completing important tasks, but you will often not be driven if you do not feel the task is importantRead MorePlato and Aristotle Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pagesthem courageous. The Rulers are dominated by their rational faculties and strive for wisdom. These are the reasons why a just individual like a just society. Aristotle claims that pride is a great virtue and is achieved by a life dedicated to excellence. This claim can be further developed by addressing the significance of pride. The overall idea is that a proud person functions better in society. He is able to use his best ability to achieve not only self achievement and fulfillment but alsoRead MoreAristotle Essay1238 Words   |  5 Pagesaddressing issues of personal character on a microscopic level believing that in turn this will assist the state on a macroscopic level. Developing character or as Aristotle refers to it, â€Å"human excellence† is an activity of the soul, rather than the physical body. Aristotle refers to the cultivation of human excellence as an activity of the soul because on a spiritual level he believes the soul to be the whole of an individual, similar to his belief that on the political level the state is the whole ofRead MoreThe Pursuit Of Leadership : An Essential Skill Of Todays Leader1460 Words   |  6 PagesThe Pursuit of Leadership The quality of pursuit as an essential skill of today’s leader is often overlooked. Leaders are taught to communicate well and be authentic. They are encouraged to be caring individuals and fair to employees. But how often are they coached and inspired in the actual pursuit of leadership? According to Gregory Morris, â€Å"potential leaders may be born, but effective leaders are made† (p.28).In today’s ever changing world it is more important than ever that leaders pursue theirRead MoreMy Life Philosophy by Omotola Osunrinde1532 Words   |  7 Pagesself-determination, improvement and socialization. This is why I ensure to always strive hard and apply the principle of excellence in whatever I do. I know that my motivation would keep me in tune with life dynamics such that the harder I work, the better I score and the more fulfilled I become. Everyone has their own personal outlook on life, but whatever one’s opinion is, excellence is in tandem with life f ulfillment as fulfillment results to happiness. Aristotle once expressed that â€Å"Happiness is the